Thermal Analysis

Murphy, C. B.

doi:10.1021/ac60237a031

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…The smaller sample size provides better resolution of the curves and can be more advantageously used with more recent instruments which have better sensitivity. The use of small sample size and low heating rate have been stressed by several reviewers 6,21,22 . A higher conductivity purge gas (helium) has also been claimed to be helpful.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Elastomer Vulcanizate Composition by TG-DTG Techniques

Sircar

1992

Rubber Chemistry and Technology

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Two common problems and probable solutions in the TG-DTG analysis of unknown elastomer vulcanizates have been discussed. The first problem concerns the difficulty in quantitatively determining the oil and elastomer in compounds where their volatilization temperature ranges overlap. After a review of the published works in this area, isothermal TG (with or without vacuum) is recommended. The “High Resolution” TG also shows promise and should be explored further. The second problem concerns separate determination of the elastomer-carbon residue and added carbon black in the compound, since both often oxidize together. Subtraction of the predetermined elastomer-carbon residue from the total weight loss in oxygen, was suggested in the literature. However, the quantity of char found depends on the type of the elastomer, its concentration, and the curative composition, as well as the TG temperature profile. The problem is not, therefore, fully resolved. Experiments using a slow feed of lean oxygen gas and isothermal conditions were also suggested in the literature. Under this condition, oxidation of carbon black and char may occur at slightly different temperatures and overlapping is minimized. However, this could be achieved only for large- and mediumparticle-size blacks (soft blacks) which oxidize at higher temperatures and not for the smaller particle size blacks used mostly in tire treads. Further work using the slow feed of lean oxygen with a superimposed isothermal program and/or vacuum conditions is recommended.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Elastomer Vulcanizate Composition by TG-DTG Techniques

Sircar

1992

Rubber Chemistry and Technology

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“…Because AN-based fertilizers always contain additives for a variety of reasons (e.g., efficient granulation or prilling, anticaking effect, slow release of nutriment at end-use, etc...), it is important to fully understand their influence on the thermal stability of the resulting mixtures. Starting from calorimetric tests, − previous works − identified different behaviors of additives on the thermal stability of AN formulations, leading to three different classes: promoters, inert substances, and inhibitors. A promoter (or incompatible) substance causes destabilization of AN, and it is experimentally identified by a decrease of the decomposition temperature of the mixture with respect to that of pure AN, often associated with a higher energy release during the decomposition. − Examples of promoters are fuels, halide salts, nitrates and sulfates of chromium, iron, copper, and aluminum, and several organic compounds. , An inert additive (apparently) does not affect the thermal stability of AN because no significant temperature shift of the exothermal decomposition is observed [e.g., for NaNO 3 , KNO 3 and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ]. , It generally acts through a physical dilution effect, reducing the heat released during the (possible) explosive decomposition of the formulation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the Mechanistic Understanding of the Additives’ Role on Ammonium Nitrate Decomposition: Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Sulfate as Case Studies

et al. 2020

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The reaction mechanism involved in the decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN) in the presence of CaCO 3 and CaSO 4 , commonly used for stabilization and the reduction of explosivity properties of AN, was theoretically investigated using a computational approach based on density functional theory. The presented computational results suggest that both carbonate and sulfate anions can intercept an acid proton from nitric acid issued from the first step of decomposition of AN, thus inhibiting its runaway decomposition and the generation of reactive species (radicals). The reaction then leads to the production of stable products, as experimentally observed. Our modeling outcomes allow for tracing a relationship between the capability of proton acceptance of both carbonate and sulfate anions and the macroscopic behavior of these two additives as inhibitor or inert in the AN mixture.

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“…Both Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) are extremely valuable tools in the study of the decomposition of solids [1 -3] and in various reactions of natural and synthetic polymeric materials [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Apparatus for Simultaneous DTA and TGA

Halpern

Esterman

Weinstein

1968

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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An apparatus based on a Cahn Electrobalance was built in order to study simultaneously. and on the same sample. decomposition reactions by differential thermal analysis and thermogravtrnetnc analysis. The apparatus is comparatively inexpensive and enables reactions to be studied j n va c u o , or in any chosen atmosphere. Samples of 20 -25 mg. both inorganic (for example copper sulfate penrahydrate and calcium oxalate monohydrate) and organic (for example cellulose). give satisfactory results.

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Thermal Analysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 113 publications

Analysis of Elastomer Vulcanizate Composition by TG-DTG Techniques

Analysis of Elastomer Vulcanizate Composition by TG-DTG Techniques

Toward the Mechanistic Understanding of the Additives’ Role on Ammonium Nitrate Decomposition: Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Sulfate as Case Studies

An Apparatus for Simultaneous DTA and TGA

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