Thermal analysis of alternative diesel fuels from vegetable oils

Dunn, Robert O.

doi:10.1007/s11746-999-0056-9

Cited by 99 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Th e onset temperature values from DSC scans are very close to CFPP fi gures. Results of Dunn (1999) with the linear correlation between the CFPP and onset temperature with some shift on y-axis can be connected with diff erent temperature gradient. Th e slope for our and Dunn's measurements is equal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Claudy et al (1986) uses the onset temperature from the DSC cooling scan for determination of CP, PP, and CFPP of fossil fuels without additives. Dunn (1999) successfully applied DSC for evaluation of CP, PP, and CFPP of FAME from soybean oil, from beef fat (tallow), and of their mixtures with and without depressants. Aft er statistical evaluation of data they found simple linear de- Peter ŠIMON, Ján CVENGROŠ pendences between CP, or CFPP and the temperatures of characteristic intervals at DSC scans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold Flow Properties of Fatty Esters

Kleinová

Paligová

Vrbová

et al. 2007

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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SummaryTh e article is devoted to the study of cold fl ow properties of neat esters of branched chain alcohols with fatty acids and blends of these esters with fossil diesel fuel. According to the determined CFPP values the infl uence of alcohol branching on the fuel fi lterability is negligible and was detected only in the case of 2-ethyl hexanol. Fossil fuel blending with fatty esters up to 10 % vol. does not substantially change the cold fl ow properties of fossil fuel. DSC cooling scan parameters should be employed to predict CFPP of blended diesel fuel.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Flow Properties of Fatty Esters

Kleinová

Paligová

Vrbová

et al. 2007

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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“…These products, usually methyl or ethyl esters, can be used as alternative fuels or extenders in diesel engines. However, their relatively poor low-temperature properties (freezing in cold climates) present an obstacle to their continued development and commercialization [2,3]. The conversion of vegetable oils and animal fats into esters of branched-chain alcohols, such as isopropyl or 2-butyl, has resulted in improved low-temperature properties, as demonstrated by their reduced crystallization onset temperatures [3 -5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Branched‐Chain Derivatives of Methyl Oleate

Dailey¹,

Prevost

Strahan

2008

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Oleic acid is one of the most abundant fatty acid components of the triglycerides in many vegetable oils, such as cottonseed oil. As part of a project to develop new and expanded uses of oilseed products and by-products (such as biodiesel, fuel additives, and lubricants), studies were conducted on the synthetic conversion of oleic acid (in ester form) to branched-chain fatty acid esters. In these studies, methyl oleate was brominated in the allylic position and subsequently treated with organocuprate reagents to produce novel branched-chain derivatives (ethyl, n-butyl, n-hexyl, phenyl). Details of the syntheses, characterization (GC/MS and NMR), and the properties of the products (with emphasis on low-temperature properties) are discussed. Several of the synthesized products exhibited significantly lower re-crystallization temperatures in comparison with methyl oleate and may prove useful as additives to biodiesel for use at low temperatures.

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“…However, in most cases the use of BD results in an increase in NO x emissions over that of CDF (7,8,12,13). Furthermore, another challenge facing BD in North America is the issue of relatively poor low-temperature performance, which may limit its use during winter months (14). For example, methyl soyate (MS: BD derived from transesterification of soybean oil) has a cloud point (CP) of approximately -2°C compared with -16°C for D2 (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

πSynthesis and evaluation of a series of α‐hydroxy ethers derived from isopropyl oleate

Moser

Erhan

2006

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Several fatty derivatives with bulky moieties were prepared by treatment of epoxidized isopropyl oleate with a number of alcohols in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst to provide a series of α-hydroxy ethers in good yield. The materials were analyzed for cold flow performance through cloud point and pour point determinations. The most promising α-hydroxy ether produced in this study, with respect to both low temperature behavior and economic criteria, was isopropyl 9(10)-(2-ethylhexoxy)-10(9)-hydroxystearate, which has a cloud point of -23°C and pour point of - 24°C. Paper no. J11424 in JAOCS 83, 959-963 (November 2006). KEY WORDS:Biodiesel, cloud point, α-hydroxy ethers, isopropyl esters, pour point.Biodiesel, defined as the monoalkyl esters of FA derived from vegetable oil or animal fat, is an attractive alternative to conventional diesel fuel (CDF) for combustion in diesel engines. Biodiesel (BD) has a number of fuel properties that are comparable with No. 2 diesel fuel (D2), including viscosity, gross heat of combustion, and cetane number (1-4). Blends of BD with ultra low-sulfur D2 (ULSD2) show improved lubricity characteristics over that of unblended ULSD2 (5) and reduced exhaust emissions, which include particulate matter, hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and smoke (1,4,6-11). However, in most cases the use of BD results in an increase in NO x emissions over that of CDF (7,8,12,13). Furthermore, another challenge facing BD in North America is the issue of relatively poor low-temperature performance, which may limit its use during winter months (14). For example, methyl soyate (MS: BD derived from transesterification of soybean oil) has a cloud point (CP) of approximately -2°C compared with -16°C for D2 (15). Several approaches for improving the low-temperature behavior of BD are under development, such as blending with CDF, transesterification with long-or branched-chain alcohols, crystallization fractionation, treatment with already commercialized cold-flow improver (CFI) additives developed for CDF, and the use of synthetic CFI additives novel to BD fuel (16). Crystallization of any substance requires the arrangement of molecules in an orderly pattern. Introduction of branching into a linear, long-chain ester generally disrupts intermolecular associations at low temperatures, which may reduce the crystallization onset (T CO ) temperature (17). Recent work demonstrated that isopropyl soyate (IPS) has similar emissions behavior to MS, superior low-temperature performance, and slightly increased viscosity (18). Earlier work (19) showed the CP of IPS to be -9°C (vs. about -2°C for MS) and T CO to be more than 11°C lower than for MS (Table 1). With these studies in mind, we set out to produce an isopropyl fatty ester that contains a branching moiety along the alkyl backbone as a potential CFI additive for BD fuel.Nucleophilic addition to an oxirane moiety to provide a wide range of products is a well-established process and will not be reviewed here; however, the interested reader is direct...

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Thermal analysis of alternative diesel fuels from vegetable oils

Cited by 99 publications

References 10 publications

Cold Flow Properties of Fatty Esters

Cold Flow Properties of Fatty Esters

Synthesis and Characterization of Branched‐Chain Derivatives of Methyl Oleate

πSynthesis and evaluation of a series of α‐hydroxy ethers derived from isopropyl oleate

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