Thermal analysis of formation of nano-crystalline BaTiO3 using Ba(NO3)2 and TiO2

Abstract

The reaction of Ba(NO3)2 with TiO2 was studied by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) techniques up to 1000?C and in nitrogen atmosphere. It was found that the formation of BaTiO3 takes place above 600?C and that precursor mixing time and heating rate have no effect on the reaction temperature. BaTiO3 powder was prepared by calcination of Ba(NO3)2 and TiO2 precursor mixture at 800?C for 8 h. X-ray diffraction analysis of the synthesized BaTiO3 confirmed the formation of tetragonal phase with lattice parameters a = 3.9950?0.0003? and c = 4.0318?0.0004?. Thermal analysis of the synthesized BaTiO3 powder showed weight loss within temperature range 40-1000?C of only 0.40%. This small amount of weight loss was connected with some impurity phase, and identified as BaCO3 using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique.

Niobium oxide‐activated yttrium barium titanate nanorod structured ceramics for energy storage applications

“…The DSC curve in Figure 1A unveiled two endothermic peaks in which a soft peak was obtained at 374°C and a sharp peak was obtained at 964°C. Evaporation of H 2 O molecules, decomposition of thermally unstable organic compounds such as CO 2 and C=O molecules, etc., and evaporation by interacted atmospheric impurities may be caused during a soft first endothermic peak around 374°C 11–13 . During this weight loss, the BaCO 3 was decomposed into BaO.…”

“…Derivative TG, which is a change of mass of BT with time against the temperature, is presented in Figure 1B. The DSC curve in Figure 1A unveiled two endothermic peaks in which a soft peak was obtained at 374 • C and a sharp peak was obtained at 964 • C. Evaporation of H 2 O molecules, decomposition of thermally unstable organic compounds such as CO 2 and C=O molecules, etc., and evaporation by interacted atmospheric impurities may be caused during a soft first endothermic peak around 374 • C. [11][12][13] During this weight loss, the BaCO 3 was decomposed into BaO. Second sharp endothermic peak was identified at 964 • C and the weight loss near this temperature was owing to the formation of BaTiO 3 .…”

A feasible pathway to stabilize monoclinic and tetragonal phase coexistence in barium titanate-based ceramics

“…Open ½ O 2 . 44 The reaction takes place at a temperature above the melting point of the Ba(NO 3 ) 2 45 and therefore, it is a liquid-solid reaction. 46 Different works report one sharp endothermic peak, 44 two peaks, 47 or three contributions, 48 attributed to the same reaction occurring several times at different temperatures up to the complete formation of BaTiO 3 .…”

Biodiesel Production from Microalgal Oil Using Barium–Calcium–Zinc Mixed Oxide Base Catalyst: Optimization and Kinetic Studies

“…The first two peaks at 180 and 380 °C are obtained because of removal of water and hydroxyl group. The third peak at 588 °C is characterized to the melting point of Ba­(NO 3 ) 2 whereas the fourth peak at 710 °C is attributed to the decomposition of the Ba­(NO 3 ) 2 to BaO …”

“…The third peak at 588 °C is characterized to the melting point of Ba(NO 3 ) 2 whereas the fourth peak at 710 °C is attributed to the decomposition of the Ba(NO 3 ) 2 to BaO. 41 3.2. XRD Analysis.…”