Thermal Analysis of Lignocellulosic Materials. Part II. Modified Materials

Nguyen, Tinh; Zavarin, Eugene; Barrall, Edward M.

doi:10.1080/00222358108080924

Cited by 57 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Figure 2 and Tables 2 and 3 show the TGA and DTG curves and summary data of composites types A1, B2, and D2. As shown in Figure 2(a), the first step degradation was found at approximately 250 ∘ C, followed by second step at approximately 440 ∘ C. Hemicellulose was found to decompose at a maximum of 290 ∘ C, cellulose 370 ∘ C, and lignin 280 ∘ C to 520 ∘ C [32,33]. Therefore, the first step was due to the decomposition of pectin, wax, impurities, and hemicellulose, and second step was due to the decomposition of lignin and cellulose.…”

Section: Ftirmentioning

confidence: 93%

Characterization of Alkaline Treatment and Fiber Content on the Physical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Ground Coffee Waste/Oxobiodegradable HDPE Biocomposites

Tan

Kuan

Lee

2017

International Journal of Polymer Science

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Effect of alkali treatment on ground coffee waste/oxobiodegradable HDPE (GCW/oxo-HDPE) composites was evaluated using 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% volume fraction of GCW. The composites were characterized using structural (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), thermal (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)), mechanical (tensile and impact test) properties, and water absorption. FTIR spectrum indicated the eradication of lipids, hemicellulose, lignin, and impurities after the treatments lead to an improvement of the filler/matrix interface adhesion. This is confirmed by SEM results. Degree of crystallinity index was increased by 5% after the treatment. Thermal stability for both untreated and treated GCW composites was alike. Optimum tensile result was achieved when using 10% volume fraction with enhancement of 25% for tensile strength and 24% for tensile modulus compared to untreated composite. Specific tensile strength and modulus had improved as the composite has lower density. The highest impact properties were achieved when using 15% volume fraction that lead to an improvement of 6%. Treated GCW composites show better water resistance with 57% improvement compared to the untreated ones. This lightweight and ecofriendly biocomposite has the potential in packaging, internal automotive parts, lightweight furniture, and other composite engineering applications.

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Section: Ftirmentioning

confidence: 93%

Characterization of Alkaline Treatment and Fiber Content on the Physical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Ground Coffee Waste/Oxobiodegradable HDPE Biocomposites

Tan

Kuan

Lee

2017

International Journal of Polymer Science

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“…The thermal degradation of lingo-cellulosic fibers has been reviewed by Nguen, et al in detail for modified and unmodified materials 78,79 . For improvement of thermal stability, attempts have been made to coat the fibers and/or to graft the fibers with monomers.…”

Section: Modification Of Natural Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment Friendly Composite Materials: Biocomposites and Green Composites

Mitra

2014

DSJ

166

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IntroductIonDevelopment of advanced polymer composite materials having superior mechanical properties opened up new horizons in the engineering field. Advantages such as corrosion resistance, electrical insulation, easy processability at relatively less energy requirement in tooling and assembly costs, higher stiffness and strength, fatigue resistance and lower weight than metals have made polymer composite widely acceptable in structural applications. The so-called advanced composites have replaced metals because of their excellent mechanical properties and low density giving them high specific strength and stiffness 1 . Such weight savings are highly desirable for applications in aerospace to transportation to reduce weight and associated fuel consumption. Another distinct advantage is their ability to be engineered to obtain required properties in different directions by appropriate fiber placing in different layers of the laminated structure.Composite properties depend on the properties of the constituent materials i.e. the fibers and resins used. The strength and stiffness of the composites are directly a function of the reinforcing fiber properties which carry most of the load and their volume content. The resin helps to maintain the relative position of the fibers within the composite and, more importantly, transfers the load from the bottom fibers to the intact fibers. As a result, fiber/resin interfacial properties are also important and have a significant effect on composite properties including toughness and transverse fracture stress. To fabricate high strength composites, all three factors namely fiber properties, resin properties as well as fiber/resin interface characteristics are critical.Currently most of the fibers and resins are derived from petroleum feed stocks and do not degrade for several decades under normal environmental conditions 2 . Composites made from thermosetting resins cannot be reprocessed or recycled, however, a small fraction of these thermosetting composites are crushed into powder used as filler or incinerated to obtain energy in the form of heat, most of them end up in land-fills at the end of their life. In anaerobic conditions, such as those in land -fills, the petroleum based composites may not degrade making that land unavailable for any other use. On the other hand, incineration produces toxic gases and requires expensive scrubbers. Both incineration and dumping in land-fills are environmentally undesirable as well as expensive. In the future, these methods of disposing of composites are expected to get even more expensive as the pollution laws all over the world get stricter and the number of land -fills decline. In addition, at the present rate of consumption, the world petroleum resources are estimated to last for the next 50 years or so 2 . Thus, there is a great interest generated in developing green composites using fully sustainable, biodegradable, environment friendly and annually renewable fibers and resins, particularly those derived from plants 3 . A variet...

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“…These may include fatty acids, peptides, and carbohydrates such as monosaccharides, cellulose, and hemicellulose (Nguyen et al, 1981;AngehrnBettinazzi et al, 1988;Leinweber et al, 1996;Cuypers, 2002). These are readily biodegradable and can easily be extracted with mild solvents.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of loss on ignition and thermal analysis stepwise methods for determination of sedimentary organic matter

Frangipane

Pistolato

Molinaroli

et al. 2008

Aquatic Conservation

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ABSTRACT1. Loss on ignition (LOI) is a widely used method to estimate organic matter (OM) in the sediment of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) of organic species provides information on thermal reactions, the amount and properties of clay structural water, organic species and carbonates.2. The accuracy of LOI compared with that of TG-DTA was evaluated in 33 sediment samples from the Lagoon of Venice (Italy).3. In all tests conducted with TG-DTA the mass loss of OM and the loss of clay structural water (LCSW) from oxidized samples were measured. The mass loss of OM at 3508C (TG-DTA 350 OM) and the total extraction of organic matter at 5678C (TEOM) calculated from the difference between natural state samples and oxidized samples highlight the presence of both thermally labile and thermally stable substances.4. The grain size data of sediment samples from the Lagoon shows a variable distribution between slightly muddy sand and mud. Loss of clay structural water at 3508C (LCSW 350) and total extraction of clay structural water at 5678C (TECSW) both estimated by TG-DTA on oxidized samples, were found to correspond approximately to 6% and 10%, respectively of the clay fraction (54 mm). This percentage may be used to correct LOI measurements of OM in sediments with high clay content.5. LOI 350 (loss on ignition at 3508C) and LOI 550 (loss on ignition at 5508C) proved to be $80% and $200%, respectively, of total extraction of mass loss at 3508C (TG-DTA 350 tot) and at 5678C (TEML) estimated by TG-DTA on natural samples, meaning that the LOI 550 value represents a significant overestimate. The difference between the LOI 550 and TEML values indicates that the mass loss excess (MLE) may be accounted for by losses due to breakdown of carbonates.

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Thermal Analysis of Lignocellulosic Materials. Part II. Modified Materials

Cited by 57 publications

References 49 publications

Characterization of Alkaline Treatment and Fiber Content on the Physical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Ground Coffee Waste/Oxobiodegradable HDPE Biocomposites

Characterization of Alkaline Treatment and Fiber Content on the Physical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Ground Coffee Waste/Oxobiodegradable HDPE Biocomposites

Environment Friendly Composite Materials: Biocomposites and Green Composites

Comparison of loss on ignition and thermal analysis stepwise methods for determination of sedimentary organic matter

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