“…In recent years, nanotreating, through the addition of a small volume fraction of nanoparticles in aluminum alloys, has shown success in reducing hot cracking susceptibility. Despite the lack of undercooling in the WAAM process, nanoparticles can control grain nucleation and growth during the solidification process (De Cicco et al , 2011; Choi et al , 2013; Martin et al , 2017; Sokoluk et al , 2019; Zuo et al , 2019; Yuan et al , 2020a, 2020b; Sokoluk et al , 2021). They modify the solidification behavior of aluminum alloys by controlling the latent heat release during alpha grain nucleation and ultimately lead to improved backfilling in the semi-solid network (Sokoluk et al , 2021).…”