Thermal Analysis

Dollimore, D.; Lerdkanchanaporn, Supaporn

doi:10.1021/a19800038

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 293 publications

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“…There are several methods for determining the kinetics of a reaction with DTA. [11][12][13][14] For ultrathin films, the most suitable method is based on determining the maximum reaction rate, which is the temperature at the maximum rate of heat absorption, or T max . The method works best for ultrathin films because it is not dependent on the onset of the reaction in the film, 11,15 only the peak reaction rate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling of Tg and reaction rate with film thickness in photoresist: A thermal probe study

Fryer

Nealey

Pablo

2000

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena

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A thermal probe technique, local thermal analysis, was used to measure the glass transition temperature (T g ) and reaction rate as a function of film thickness in chemically amplified photoresists. Using this technique, heat loss into a resist film was monitored as the temperature of the probe was ramped from ambient to temperatures as high as 200°C. The thermal events, glass transition temperature or heat evolved during reaction, were recorded as a function of the probe temperature. The T g of the photoresists UVN 30, UV6, UV3, KRS, and KRS-XE was measured for thick films and for ultrathin films approximately 50 nm thick. The measured T g in ultrathin resist films was 4-22°C higher relative to that measured in thick films. We also investigated the behavior of polyhydroxystyrene films, and found that crosslinking to the substrate can increase T g by a large amount. The photoresist films were then exposed with x-ray radiation at the same dose ͑950 mJ/cm 2 ͒ for both thick and ultrathin films to ensure a constant photogenerated acid concentration with thickness. The exposed areas of the films were heated with the thermal probe, and an increase in heat flow into the exposure area, attributed to the heat of reaction, prior to the glass transition temperature was measured. Kinetic rate constants were estimated with data from the power supplied to the probe as a function of temperature using a first order reaction model. The results indicate that the rate of reaction in ultrathin resist films is smaller than in thicker films for resists processed at the same postexposure bake temperature. We find that T g and reaction rate depend on film thickness in ultrathin photoresist films; the differences in these properties are expected to lead to large changes in the processing conditions used for ultrathin films relative to thick films.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling of Tg and reaction rate with film thickness in photoresist: A thermal probe study

Fryer

Nealey

Pablo

2000

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena

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“…Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) have found application in the investigation of both physical phenomena (i.e., changes in crystallographic properties, melting, sublimation, and adsorption) and chemical phenomena (dehydratation, decomposition, oxidation, and reduction), and review works of Dollimore − give a wide insight into recent literature in these fields. Stability of petroleum oils under oxidative conditions characterized by DSC was described in a review concerning thermal analysis of petroleum products .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total rate of autoxidation is determined by the rate of hydroperoxides formation (during the initial stage, eq 1), and in the early stages, when the hydrocarbon conversion and the hydroperoxides concentration are low, the decomposition of primary products is expected to be first order: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) have found application in the investigation of both physical phenomena (i.e., changes in crystallographic properties, melting, sublimation, and adsorption) and chemical phenomena (dehydratation, decomposition, oxidation, and reduction), and review works of Dollimore [15][16][17] give a wide insight into recent literature in these fields. Stability of petroleum oils under oxidative conditions characterized by DSC was described in a review concerning thermal analysis of petroleum products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Autoxidation Kinetics of Fats by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. 1. Saturated C₁₂−C₁₈ Fatty Acids and Their Esters

Litwinienko¹,

Daniluk²,

Kasprzycka‐Guttman³

1999

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Differential scanning calorimetry was used to follow the oxidation course of the saturated fatty acids lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic and their ethyl esters and, additionally, glycerol tripalmitate and tristearate. Assessment of the oxidative stability of these fat components was performed at 90-300 °C without any solvents and in the absence of free-radical initiators. The calculated overall activation energies were in the range 106.0-123.3 kJ/mol. Obtained overall rates constants of autoxidation (k) were not dependent on the length of the carbon chain, and k's for acids were greater than those for esters and triglycerides. The applicability of thermoanalytical methods to determine the kinetic parameters of lipid oxidation was verified by comparison with values of activation energies and rate constants of oxidation determined by GC.

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“…Several analytical areas are involved, such as instrumentation, thermodynamic measurements, reaction kinetics, inorganic compounds, organic and polymeric materials, biological, and medical and pharmaceutical studies. (92,93). Many aspects of the applications in the drug development process, such as calibration, purity determination, quantification of crystallinity, polymorphism, degradation, decomposition, and glass transition, have been thoroughly treated (72).…”

Section: Dscmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Food Characterization and Adulteration Detection: Technique-Oriented Perspectives

Cordella

Moussa

Martel

et al. 2002

J. Agric. Food Chem.

290

156

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This review covers mainly publications that appeared in Analytical Abstracts (Royal Society of Chemistry) from January 1990 to February 2001. The number of publications on this topic continues to grow, and during the past three years (1998-2000) about 150 reviews and/or overviews have been published in the area of food. Numerous techniques and food matrices or chemical components are presented and discussed in these reviews. The present review is intentionally limited to eight techniques or classes of techniques and intends to be a "technique by technique" presentation of "what was used" or "what is used" to characterize food products and to detect their possible adulteration. The present review focuses on the following techniques: microscopic analysis; HPLC; GC, GC-(MS, FTIR); UV-visible spectrophotometry; AAS/AES, ICP-(AES, MS); IRMS, GC-IRMS, GC-C-IRMS; DSC; IR, mid-IR, and NMR (202 references). Emphasis is placed as much as possible on chemometrical treatment of analytical data, which are commonly used to achieve the final objective, either food characterization or adulteration detection. Finally, a brief description is given of the new generation of analytical systems that combine powerful analytical techniques and powerful computer software for a best extraction of the information from analytical data.

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Thermal Analysis

Cited by 31 publications

References 293 publications

Scaling of Tg and reaction rate with film thickness in photoresist: A thermal probe study

Scaling of Tg and reaction rate with film thickness in photoresist: A thermal probe study

Study on Autoxidation Kinetics of Fats by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. 1. Saturated C₁₂−C₁₈ Fatty Acids and Their Esters

Recent Developments in Food Characterization and Adulteration Detection: Technique-Oriented Perspectives

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Thermal Analysis

Cited by 31 publications

References 293 publications

Scaling of Tg and reaction rate with film thickness in photoresist: A thermal probe study

Scaling of Tg and reaction rate with film thickness in photoresist: A thermal probe study

Study on Autoxidation Kinetics of Fats by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. 1. Saturated C12−C18 Fatty Acids and Their Esters

Recent Developments in Food Characterization and Adulteration Detection: Technique-Oriented Perspectives

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Study on Autoxidation Kinetics of Fats by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. 1. Saturated C₁₂−C₁₈ Fatty Acids and Their Esters