Thermal and crystallization studies of short flax fibre reinforced polypropylene matrix composites: Effect of treatments

Arbelaiz, A.; Fernández, B.; Ramos, J.A.; Mondragón, Iñaki

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2005.10.016

Cited by 212 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

113

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The thermal degradation of the different fabrics showed significant difference. The untreated (NHF) fabric and the sol-gel treated (SiHF) fabric were the most thermally stable, their degradation starts at about 270 °C, and is only slightly affected by the treatment [24]. The thermotex treatment (applying ammonium phosphate) decreased the initial degradation temperature by more than 60 °C, as expected [9,25].…”

Section: Tgamentioning

confidence: 69%

Development of natural fibre reinforced flame retarded epoxy resin composites

Szolnoki

Bocz

Sóti

et al. 2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natural hemp fabric reinforced epoxy resin composites were prepared in flame retarded form.Fabrics were treated in three ways: the first method involved the immersion of preheated fabric into cold phosphoric acid solution (allowing penetration into the capillaries of the fibres) and subsequent neutralization, the second way was a reactive modification carried out with an aminosilane-type coupling agent, while the third treatment combined the sol-gel surface coating with the first method. The introduction of P-content into the reinforcing fibres resulted in decreased flammability of not only the hemp fabrics, but also of the flame retardancy of epoxy composites, comprising it changed advantageously. By applying aminetype phosphorus-containing curing agent (TEDAP) in combination with the treated fabrics, V-0 UL-94 rating was achieved. Composites of unexpectedly improved static and dynamic mechanical properties could be prepared only when the simple phosphorous fibre treatment and reactive flame retardancy was combined. . This problem can be solved or moderated by using flame retarded biofibres combined with matrix containing flame retardant additive, by which way the polymer concentration of the matrix and thus its strength can maintained [16,17,18].In this work the idea of flame retarded reinforcement was adapted to epoxy resin composites, by combining it with P-containing crosslinking agent as reactive flame retardant in the matrix.Hemp fabrics were selected for forming flame retarded reinforcement and a P-containing amine [19,20] was applied as curing agent in the FR matrix composites. Materials and methods MaterialsThe epoxy Fabric treatmentTwill woven hemp fabrics (HF) were washed with water to remove dust and impurities and then dried in oven at 70 °C for 12 h. The fibres were treated in three ways in order to render them flame retardant. In the first case, the so-called thermotex procedure [21] was applied.The high-temperature treatment of the fabrics allows better absorption of the treating solution to the capillaries of the fabric. For this purpose, the fabrics were preheated at 120 °C for 2 h, and then immersed in cold 17 mass% phosphoric acid solution for 5 min. The ratio of fabric to phosphoric acid solution was 1 g to 10 ml. As the acid may induce long-term degradation in cellulose fibre structure, it was neutralized by immersing the fabrics in 5% ammonium hydroxide solution. The excess of the treating and neutralizing solutions were removed by pressing the fabrics by a foulard. After treatment, the fabrics were dried in air. The amount of the absorbed phosphorus was determined by the mass increase of the treated fibres and by elemental analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (see section 2.3.3). The mass increase of the THF fibres was 8 mass%, which means the absorption of 1.7 mass% of P (1.65 mass% by elemental analysis).In the other case, sol-gel treatment of the fabrics was carried out using Geniosil GF-9 aminetype silane. The fabrics were immersed in 10 mass% toluene solution...

show abstract

Section: Tgamentioning

confidence: 69%

Development of natural fibre reinforced flame retarded epoxy resin composites

Szolnoki

Bocz

Sóti

et al. 2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Wood flour is a renewable cellulosic material that has environmental and economical advantages as filler in polymers (Son et al 2001;Balasuriya et al 2002;Bledzki and Faruk 2005;Kim et al 2005;Arbelaiz et al 2006;Kumar et al 2011). The performance of vegetable reinforcing fillers is widely investigated as such materials are biodegradable and non toxic, have a low-cost on volume basis, lower specific gravity of plastics relative to mineral fillers, and cause less abrasion during processing (Premalal et al 2002;Yang et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most important commercial thermoplastics. It has good mechanical and thermal properties, and low density and low melting temperature (Son et al 2001;Premalal et al 2002;Yang et al 2004;Bledzki and Faruk 2005;Arbelaiz et al 2006;Ashori and Nourbakhsh 2010;Lee et al 2012). However, there is a phase incompatibility between the hydrophobic PP matrix (low surface energy) and the hydrophilic wood flour (high surface energy) (Maldas and Kokta 1993;Kazayawoko et al 1999;Dominkovics et al 2007), with weak interfacial adhesion between them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood polypropylene composites prepared by thermally modified fibers at two extrusion speeds: mechanical and viscoelastic properties

Askanian¹,

Verney

Commereuc³

et al. 2014

Holzforschung

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Composites have been prepared with polypropylene (PP) as a matrix and pine flours, either thermally treated (W tr ) or not (W), as fillers resulting in wood plastic composites (WPCs). The treatment by retification at 280° mainly elevates the hydrophobicity of wood. The WPCs were fabricated with a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with the screw speeds of 500 and 1200 rpm and specimens were prepared by injection molding. Viscoelastic behavior, tensile test and Charpy impact test of W tr PC were compared with PP and WPC. W tr PC has a better dispersion and highest tensile modulus. As expected, a decrease in elongation at break and impact strength was observed for all composites. Processing at 1200 rpm improved by 60% the Young modulus of the WPC compared to 500 rpm, whereas 500 rpm was enough to obtain the highest modulus for W tr PC.

show abstract

“…Lot of work has been reported on manmade fibres such as glass and carbon, as well as on natural fibres like jute, hemp, cane, banana, palmyara and flax fiber polymer composites in the last decade. These investigations reported effect of different variables in NMT (natural fiber thermoplastic mat) and GMT (glass fiber thermoplastic mat) [7], the influence of fiber/matrix modification and hybridization with glass fibers [8], the effect of fiber treatment on bonding between matrix and fibre [9], the effect of surface treatment on interface by glycerol triacetate, thermoplastic starch, methacryl oxypropyl, trimethoxy-silane and boiled flax yarn [10], effect of matrices such as PP and PLA on the composite properties [11], influence of processing parameters and materials used [12][13]. Buttler [14] presented the possibility of using flax fiber in composites for coachwork and bus industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%