Thermal and flame-retardant properties of intrinsic flame-retardant epoxy resin containing biphenyl structures and phosphorus

Dai, Xueyan; Li, Peihong; Sui, Yanlong; Zhang, Chunyu

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110319

Cited by 73 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The increase in the residual carbon from 15.8 to 17.9 wt% at 800°C was due to the early degradation of DOPO producing phosphate and polyphosphate, which prevented further decomposition. This conclusion was consistent with other reported results for phosphorus containing flame retardants 11,15,26,36–38 …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

From laboratory to industrialization: Eco‐friendly flame retardant endowing epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy, transparency, and mechanical properties

Qiao

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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To eliminate the fire safety hazards (flammability and smoke toxicity) of epoxy resins (EP), while reaching industrial production of flame retardants, we proposed a facile strategy to successfully synthesize an industrially scalable phosphorus‐nitrogen flame retardant (named FNU) by the substitution reaction of 2‐(2‐aminoethylamino) ethanol and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxo‐10‐phosphofi‐10‐oxide. FNU was synthesized in a simple and heat‐free step with room temperature stirring, and such process optimizations facilitate industrially scalable. As expected, FNU endowed EP with excellent flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties. EP mixing with 10 phr of FNU reached the highest limiting oxygen index value of 44.5%, UL‐94 reached V‐0 level, total smoke production and total heat release were reduced by 15.5% and 19.8% compared with pure EP. Residual carbon analysis showed that the presence of FNU could promote to form dense and continuous carbon layer. Thermogravimetric analysis‐infrared spectrometry results demonstrated a significant reduction in the pyrolysis products, especially in the yield of CO. Moreover, the structure of FNU contained aromatic rigid and reactive amine groups that significantly improved the mechanical properties of EP without affecting its transparency, retaining its value for applications in optical materials.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

From laboratory to industrialization: Eco‐friendly flame retardant endowing epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy, transparency, and mechanical properties

Qiao

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…Epoxy resins (EPs) have found a wide range of applications in low temperature fields due to their excellent mechanical properties, low shrinkage, strong adhesion, moisture resistance, solvent resistance, chemical resistance and corrosion resistance. 3,4 However, when EP is in contact with LOX, it may ignite or trigger a reaction if exposed to external energy, such as friction, collision, mechanical shock, or static electricity. 5 For most EPs, poor LOX compatibility is still a pressing issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A phosphorus-containing imidazole derivative towards the liquid oxygen compatibility and toughness of epoxy resin

Wang

Hou

et al. 2022

RSC Adv.

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“…Likewise, char yield rose from 16.45 wt.% (pure EP) to 36.07 wt.% (EP/FS/APP 40%). The increase in char yield showed that phosphorus compositions in both APP and FS had a good catalytic capability to form char and could improve the stability of epoxy resin at high temperature [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. FSs possessed hydroxyapatite, which was an inorganic component.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Circular Economy Material Using Fish Scales as a Natural Flame Retardant and the Properties of Its Composite Materials

et al. 2021

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Fish scales (FSs) are fishery wastes that can cause environmental pollution. This study aimed to solve this environmental problem. FSs were used as a flame retardant for polymer materials, making them valuable. Fish scales were combined with a commercial flame retardant, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), through synergistic effects to reduce the amount of commercial flame retardant. The use of FSs conforms to the concept of a circular economy and lowers costs by reducing the consumption of APP. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT), pyrolysis kinetics, limiting oxygen index (LOI), the Underwriters Laboratories 94 (UL94) flammability test, scanning election microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to determine the thermal properties, flame retardant properties, flame retardant mechanism, char morphology, and composition of the composites. The TGA results indicated that the addition of 40% flame retardant raised the char residue from 16.45 wt.% (pure EP) to 36.07 wt.%; IPDT from 685.6 °C (pure EP) to 1143.1°C; LOI from 21% (pure EP) to 30%; and UL94 classification from fail (pure EP) to V-0. These results suggest an increase in char residue, which indicates better protection of the polymer matrix material. The improvements in IPDT, LOI, and UL94 classification, which indicate greater thermal stability, lower flammability (from flammable to fireproof), and higher flammability rating (from fail to V-0), respectively, suggest that the composite material has favorable thermal properties and is less inflammable.

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Thermal and flame-retardant properties of intrinsic flame-retardant epoxy resin containing biphenyl structures and phosphorus

Cited by 73 publications

References 40 publications

From laboratory to industrialization: Eco‐friendly flame retardant endowing epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy, transparency, and mechanical properties

From laboratory to industrialization: Eco‐friendly flame retardant endowing epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy, transparency, and mechanical properties

A phosphorus-containing imidazole derivative towards the liquid oxygen compatibility and toughness of epoxy resin

A Study on Circular Economy Material Using Fish Scales as a Natural Flame Retardant and the Properties of Its Composite Materials

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