Thermal and fluid processes in a closed-loop geothermal system using CO2 as a working fluid

Hu, Zixu; Xu, Tianfu; Feng, Bo; Yuan, Yilong; Li, Fengyu; Feng, Guanhong; Jiang, Zhenjiao

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2020.02.096

Cited by 50 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These were followed by finite volume methods (FVM) with 18.4%, while the remaining 21.1% of the studies did not report the methods used. CCLGS --Bu et al [30] CCLGS FVM -Focaccia and Tinti [31] CCLGS --Yekoladio et al [32] CCLGS --Templeton et al [33] CCLGS FEM FlexPDE Wight and Bennett [34] CCLGS --Le Lous et al [35] CCLGS FEM FFEFLOW Noorollahi et al [36] CCLGS FVM Ansys Alimonti and Soldo [37] CCLGS --Mokhtari et al [38] CCLGS --Caulk and Tomak [39] CCLGS FEM Comsol Sun et al [40] CCLGS-H FDM -Song et al [25] CCLGS FDM -Shi et al [41] CCLGS FEM Comsol Renaud et al [42] CCLGS FVM Ansys Ghoreishi-Madiseh et al [43] CCLGS FVM Ansys Zhang et al [44] CCLGS FEM Comsol Sun et al [45] CCLGS-H FDM -Wang et al [46] CCLGS-H FDM -Yu et al [47] CCLGS FDM -Yildirim et al [48] CCLGS FEM Comsol Dai et al [49] CCLGS FVM -Hu et al [50] CCLGS FEM Comsol Wang et al [51] CCLGS-H FEM Comsol Hu et al [52] CCLGS FVM T2Well Kalmár et al [53] CCLGS FDM -He et al [54] CCLGS _ -Wang et al [26] CCLGS-H FEM Comsol Wang et al [55] CCLGS-H FEM Comsol Pokhrel et al [56] CCLGS FVM Ansys Sun et al [57] UCLGS FDM -Sun et al [58] UCLGS FDM -Yuan et al [59] UCLGS FDM -Ghavidel et al [60] UCLGS FEM Comsol Fallah et al [61] UCLGS FDM -Zhang et al [62] UCLGS FDM -Note: CCLGS-H-Horizontal CCLGS.…”

Section: Clgss Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Design and Heat Transfer Performance of Enhanced Closed-Loop Geothermal Systems

et al. 2022

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Geothermal energy is one of the primary sources of clean electricity generation as the world transitions away from fossil fuels. In comparison to enhanced geothermal methods based on artificial fracturing, closed-loop geothermal systems (CLGSs) avoid seismicity-induced risk, are independent of reservoir permeability, and do not require the direct interaction between the fluid and the geothermal reservoir. In recent years, the development of CLGS technologies that offer high energy efficiencies has been explored. Research on coaxial closed-loop geothermal systems (CCLGS) and U-shaped closed-loop geothermal system (UCLGS) systems were reviewed in this paper. These studies were categorized based on their design, modeling methods, and heat transfer performance. It was found that UCLGSs had superior heat transfer performances compared to CCLGS. In addition, UCLGSs that utilized CO2 as a working fluid were found to be promising technologies that could help in addressing the future challenges associated with zero-emission compliance and green energy demand. Further research to improve the heat transfer performance of CLGS, especially with regards to improvements in wellbore layout, equipment sizing, and its integration with CO2 capture technologies is critical to ensuring the feasibility of this technology in the future.

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Section: Clgss Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Design and Heat Transfer Performance of Enhanced Closed-Loop Geothermal Systems

et al. 2022

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“…where Δ(m) is the mean roughness. The pressure loss of the working fluid in the DCHEGS is calculated by Equations ( 19) and (20), and then the pump power consumption is computed using Equation (21).…”

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ma et al 20 developed an analytical solution to couple the unsteady heat conduction in formation with the quasi‐steady heat transfer process in wellbore and analyzed the influences of Reynolds number, geothermal gradient, and inlet temperature on the heat extraction performance of DCHEGS. Hu et al 21 built a wellbore‐formation coupling model to calculate the flow and heat transfer processes in DCHEGS and examined the productivity difference between using water and CO 2 . Gizzi et al 22 reported the quantitative differences of potentially extracted thermal energy from various DCHEGS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on economic length of the horizontal section of downhole coaxial heat exchanger geothermal system based on net present value

Xiao

Cai

Tang

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Hot dry rocks (HDRs) exhibit wide distribution characteristics and have attracted considerable attention because of their considerable potential for geothermal development. A downhole coaxial heat exchanger geothermal system (DCHEGS) with a horizontal well is a novel and effective method for geothermal development and utilization from HDR. To examine the heat extraction performance, a mathematical model of a DCHEGS was established. This model was extremely accurate and consistent with the experimental test results (relative errors were <8%). By analyzing calculation results, we determined that the heat extraction power increased with the horizontal section length; however, the growth rate decreased. Hence, there must be an economical horizontal section length. Subsequently, to identify the optimal length of horizontal section, an economic evaluation model of a DCHEGS with a horizontal well based on net present value (NPV) was established. Finally, the economic evaluation model was applied using the GR1 Well as an example. The results demonstrated that the project can only be profitable when the horizontal section length of the GR1 Well is between 0 and 4009 m, and the optimal economic length is 1466 m. Thus, in this study, the horizontal well length design method proposed can effectively provide a theoretical support for the practical design and operation of DCHEGS.

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“…The emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the combustion of fossil fuels causes global climate change (Yang et al, 2018;Mallapaty, 2020), which is bad for human survival. To reduce carbon emission and dependency on fossil fuels (Cui et al, 2021), low-carbon and renewable energies are attracting extensive attention worldwide (Hu et al, 2020). Geothermal energy, which utilizes energy buried in the earth's interior, is a kind of clean and sustainable energy (Hu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reduce carbon emission and dependency on fossil fuels (Cui et al, 2021), low-carbon and renewable energies are attracting extensive attention worldwide (Hu et al, 2020). Geothermal energy, which utilizes energy buried in the earth's interior, is a kind of clean and sustainable energy (Hu et al, 2020). Geothermal energy could be developed for power generation, space heating, and thermal spring, depending on the production temperature (Su et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Multi-Well Exploitation and Reinjection in a Small-Scale Shallow Geothermal Reservoir in Huailai County

Yuan

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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The sustainable development of a shallow aquifer geothermal reservoir is strongly affected by the reinjection–production strategy. However, the reinjection–production strategy optimization of a small-scale exploitation unit with tens of meters of well spacing is site specific and has not yet been fulfilled. This study numerically investigates sustainable heat extraction based on various reinjection–production strategies which were conducted in a single-phase aquitard–aquifer geothermal system in Huailai County, Hebei Province, China. The response of the water level and production temperature is mainly discussed. The numerical results show that production without reinjection induces the highest production temperature and also the water level drawdown. Although reinjection in a single doublet well system is conducive to the control of water level drawdown, the introduction of the thermal breakthrough problem causes a decrease in the production temperature. The thermal breakthrough and sustainability of geothermal reservoirs highly depend on the well spacing between the production and reinjection wells, especially for the small-scale field. Therefore, a large well spacing is suggested. A multi-well system facilitates the control of water level drawdown while bringing intensive well interference and thermal breakthrough. Large spacing between the production and reinjection wells is also the basic principle for the design of the multi-well system. A decrease in openhole length leads to an increase in the production temperature and output thermal power. An increase in the production rate affects the thermal breakthrough highly and shortens the lifetime of the geothermal system. Furthermore, the extracted thermal energy is highly affected by the reduction in the reinjection temperature. The results in this study can provide references to achieve sustainable geothermal exploitation in small-scale geothermal reservoirs.

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Thermal and fluid processes in a closed-loop geothermal system using CO2 as a working fluid

Cited by 50 publications

References 36 publications

A Systematic Review of the Design and Heat Transfer Performance of Enhanced Closed-Loop Geothermal Systems

A Systematic Review of the Design and Heat Transfer Performance of Enhanced Closed-Loop Geothermal Systems

Research on economic length of the horizontal section of downhole coaxial heat exchanger geothermal system based on net present value

Performance of Multi-Well Exploitation and Reinjection in a Small-Scale Shallow Geothermal Reservoir in Huailai County

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