Thermal and kinetic analysis of diverse biomass fuels under different reaction environment: A way forward to renewable energy sources

Sher, Farooq; Iqbal, Sania Zafar; Liu, Hao; Imran, Muhammad; Snape, Colin E.

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112266

Cited by 151 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…For all the reasons mentioned previously, clean energy sources and carbon capture and storage (CCS, used acronyms presented in Table A1) methods are being focused on recently [9]. Biomass with carbon capture and storage (Bio-CCS or BECCS) is of particular interest, as negative emissions can be achieved [10,11]; thus, this technology could become very popular in the future. The building sector also accounts for a large amount of electricity consumption, therefore architecture design could also be another technique to reduce energy consumption [12].…”

Section: Life-cycle Assessment (Lca) Of Electricity Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

External-Cost Estimation of Electricity Generation in G20 Countries: Case Study Using a Global Life-Cycle Impact-Assessment Method

et al. 2020

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The external costs derived from the environmental impacts of electricity generation can be significant and should not be underrated, as their consideration can be useful to establish a ranking between different electricity generation sources to inform decision-makers. The aim of this research is to transparently evaluate the recent external cost of electricity generation in G20 countries using a global life-cycle impact-assessment (LCIA) method: life cycle impact assessment method based on endpoint modeling (LIME3). The weighting factors developed in the LIME3 method for each G20 country enable one to convert the different environmental impacts (not only climate change and air pollution) resulting from the emissions and resources consumption during the full lifecycle of electricity generation—from resource extraction to electricity generation—into a monetary value. Moreover, in LIME3, not only the weighting factors are developed for each G20 country but also all the impact categories. Using this method, it was possible to determine accurately which resources or emission had an environmental impact in each country. This study shows that the countries relying heavily on coal, such as India (0.172 $/kWh) or Indonesia (0.135 $/kWh) have the highest external costs inside the G20, with air pollution and climate accounting together for more than 80% of the costs. In these two countries, the ratio of the external cost/market price was the highest in the G20, at 2.3 and 1.7, respectively. On the other hand, countries with a higher reliance on renewable energies, such as Canada (0.008 $/kWh) or Brazil (0.012 $/kWh) have lower induced costs. When comparing with the market price, it has to be noted also that for instance Canada is able to generate cheap electricity with a low-external cost. For most of the other G20 countries, this cost was estimated at between about 0.020$ and 0.040 $/kWh. By estimating the external cost of each electricity generation technology available in each G20 country, this study also highlighted that sometimes the external cost of the electricity generated from one specific technology can be significant even when using renewables due to resource scarcity—for example, the 0.068 $/kWh of electricity generated from hydropower in India. This information, missing from most previous studies, should not be omitted by decision makers when considering which type of electricity generation source to prioritize.

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Section: Life-cycle Assessment (Lca) Of Electricity Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

External-Cost Estimation of Electricity Generation in G20 Countries: Case Study Using a Global Life-Cycle Impact-Assessment Method

et al. 2020

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“…While the second solution is the consumption of CO2 to remove its excessive concentration from the atmosphere and to enhance energy resources by converting it into hydrocarbon fuels 3,4 . Renewable energy resources do not involve CO2 sequestration 5 . So to tackle CO2 emissions 6 , it was considered preferable to introduce some of the renewable energy resources into an existing energy infrastructure as a "drop-in" form of energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO₂ Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts

Al-Juboori

Sher

Khalid

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Due to the heavy reliance of people on the limited fossil fuel as energy resources, global warming has increased to severe levels due to huge CO2 emission into the atmosphere. To mitigate this situation, a green method is presented here for the conversion of CO2/H2O into sustainable hydrocarbon fuels via electrolysis in eutectic molten salts ((KCl-LiCl; 41:59 mol%), (LiOH-NaOH; 27:73 mol%), (KOH-NaOH; 50:50 mol%), (Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3; 43.5:31.5:25 mol%)) at the conditions of 1.5-2 V and 225-475 o C depending upon molten electrolyte used. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC-MS techniques were employed to analyse the content of gaseous products. The electrolysis results in hydrocarbon production with maximum 59.30, 87.70 and 99% faraday efficiency in case of molten chloride, molten hydroxide and molten carbonate electrolytes under the temperature of 375, 275 and 425 o C 2 respectively. The Gas chromatography (GC) with FID and TCD detectors and GC-MS analysis confirmed that the H2 and CH4 were the main products in case of molten chlorides and hydroxides at 2 V applied voltage while longer hydrocarbons (>C1) were obtained only in molten carbonates at 1.5 V. Through this manner, electricity is transformed into chemical energy. The heating values obtained from the produced hydrocarbon fuels are satisfactory for further application. The practice of molten salts could be a promising and encouraging technology for further fundamental investigation for sustainable hydrocarbon fuel formation with more product concentrations due to its fast-electrolytic conversion rate without the use of catalyst.

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“…Fossil fuels are high-energy standard products, easily used in a variety of mature energy conversion systems. Conversely, biomass has a lower energy content, mainly as a consequence of its higher oxygen content [8]. Moreover, biomass is also a relatively light and bulky material, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “INNOVARE” Project: Innovative Plants for Distributed Poly-Generation by Residual Biomass

et al. 2020

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The valorization of residual biomass plays today a decisive role in the concept of “circular economy”, according to which each waste material must be reused to its maximum extent. The collection and energy valorization at the local level of biomass from forest management practices and wildfire prevention cutting can be settled in protected areas to contribute to local decarbonization, by removing power generation from fossil fuels. Despite the evident advantages of bioenergy systems, several problems still hinder their diffusion, such as the need to assure their reliability by extending the operating range with materials of different origin. The Italian project “INNOVARE—Innovative plants for distributed poly-generation by residual biomass”, funded by the Italian Ministry of Economic Development (MISE), has the main scope of improving micro-cogeneration technologies fueled by biomass. A micro-combined heat and power (mCHP) unit was chosen as a case study to discuss pros and cons of biomass-powered cogeneration within a national park, especially due to its flexibility of use. The availability of local biomasses (woodchips, olive milling residuals) was established by studying the agro-industrial production and by identifying forest areas to be properly managed through an approach using a satellite location system based on the microwave technology. A detailed synergic numerical and experimental characterization of the selected cogeneration system was performed in order to identify its main inefficiencies. Improvements of its operation were optimized by acting on the engine control strategy and by also adding a post-treatment system on the engine exhaust gas line. Overall, the electrical output was increased by up to 6% using the correct spark timing, and pollutant emissions were reduced well below the limits allowed by legislation by working with a lean mixture and by adopting an oxidizing catalyst. Finally, the global efficiency of the system increased from 45.8% to 63.2%. The right blending of different biomasses led to an important improvement of the reliability of the entire plant despite using an agrifood residual, such as olive pomace. It was demonstrated that the use of this biomass is feasible if its maximum mass percentage in a wood matrix mixture does not exceed 25%. The project was concluded with a real operation demonstration within a national park in Southern Italy by replacing a diesel genset with the analyzed and improved biomass-powered plant and by proving a decisive improvement of air quality in the real environment during exercise.

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Thermal and kinetic analysis of diverse biomass fuels under different reaction environment: A way forward to renewable energy sources

Cited by 151 publications

References 59 publications

External-Cost Estimation of Electricity Generation in G20 Countries: Case Study Using a Global Life-Cycle Impact-Assessment Method

External-Cost Estimation of Electricity Generation in G20 Countries: Case Study Using a Global Life-Cycle Impact-Assessment Method

Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO₂ Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts

The “INNOVARE” Project: Innovative Plants for Distributed Poly-Generation by Residual Biomass

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Thermal and kinetic analysis of diverse biomass fuels under different reaction environment: A way forward to renewable energy sources

Cited by 151 publications

References 59 publications

External-Cost Estimation of Electricity Generation in G20 Countries: Case Study Using a Global Life-Cycle Impact-Assessment Method

External-Cost Estimation of Electricity Generation in G20 Countries: Case Study Using a Global Life-Cycle Impact-Assessment Method

Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO2 Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts

The “INNOVARE” Project: Innovative Plants for Distributed Poly-Generation by Residual Biomass

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Product

Resources

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Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO₂ Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts