Thermal and mechanical properties of nitrate thermal storage salts in the solid-phase

Iverson, Brian D.; Broome, Scott Thomas; Kruizenga, Alan Michael; Cordaro, Joseph Gabriel

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2012.03.011

Cited by 48 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The melting point and working temperature play a considerable role as salt solidification inside the system can create substantial issues [31]. Current contenders for thermal energy storage mediums are solar salt, HITEC, HITEC XL and Therminol VP-1 seen in the Table. 4.…”

Section: Alternative Eutectic Salt Composition In Lhtesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molten salt composition and composites for improved latent heat thermal energy storage

Kotyla

2017

PAMR

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The growing concern over nonrenewable fuel sources, coupled with the continued increase of global energy demand has incentivised research into numerous new and pre-existing renewable energy sources. Concentrated solar thermal (CST) takes advantage of the high heat capacity of molten salts to provide an alternative solar solution to photovoltaic cells that allows reduced downtime through heat storage for use during suboptimal conditions. This meta-study examines the effectiveness of various eutectic Molten Salt compositions and materials as thermo-physical augmenters, with a focus on improved thermal conductivity when composited with molten salts as a method of enhancing the efficiency of concentrated solar thermal storage technology. The study is based on literature retrieved from scientific databases to investigate information available about enhancing LHTES technology. Research into carbon composites such as Expanded Graphite (EG) exhibits promising results revealing thermal conductivity increases as high as 40% in eutectic salt materials, however inconsistencies in measurements and materials used reveal a need for a greater analysis. Although molten salt thermal storage systems are not optimal in their current state, indication was found that composite storage mediums could potentially solidify their spot as a viable renewable energy source.

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Section: Alternative Eutectic Salt Composition In Lhtesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molten salt composition and composites for improved latent heat thermal energy storage

Kotyla

2017

PAMR

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“…The system KNO 3 -NaNO 3 was also discussed in detail in terms of their thermo-physical properties in the liquid and solid phase [11]. Recent measurements of the electrical conductivity of the solidified KNO 3 -NaNO 3 50: 50 mole% composition and of the melting enthalpy have suggested that the solid consists of alternating areas of sodium nitrate-rich and potassium nitrate-rich composition [12]. Also, a detailed calorimetric study of the NaNO 3 /KNO 3 phase behaviour as a function of cation composition was presented [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Properties of (Na0.6K0.4)NO3 Thermal Storage System in the Solid-Solid Phase

ElSaeedy¹,

Shahrani²,

El-Rahman³

et al. 2016

IJEPE

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Abstract:The thermal behaviour for the DTA, DSC and TGA measurements have been carried on the solid phase transformation for the binary eutectic mixture of 60 wt% sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ) and 40 wt% potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ). Thermal energy storage materials are important for the technology that is applied to reduce cost solar thermal power generation. The NaNO 3 -KNO 3 system is a binary inorganic salt system and it is one of the most promising thermal storage materials. The methods are based on the principle that a change in the physical state of a material is accompanied by the liberation or absorption of heat. The various techniques of thermal analysis are designed for the determination of the enthalpy accompanying the changes in the physical properties of the material. The thermal measurements showed a reversible phase transition at ~114°C during heating process and at ~108°C during cooling process. It has been shown also the presence of thermal hysteresis during this transformation with a magnitude of the hysteresis temperature ~8°C. The thermogravimetery analysis (TGA) indicated that the eutectic system (Na 0.6 K 0.4 )NO 3 is thermally stable up to the melting point at ≅225°C. This means that the sample under study is structurally stable. DTA measurements were also carried out for the sample at different heating rates of (2, 5, 10, 15 and 20°C/min). Some thermal parameters such as the transition point, enthalpy and the activation energy for the transformation process were estimated at each heating rate. It has been also shown that these parameters are affected by the heating rate. The noticeable effect of heating rate on the thermal parameters means that the heating rate is a main factor to change the thermal interaction potential of the Na and K atoms around the nitrate group (NO 3 -) during the phase conversion for the eutectic (Na 0.6 K 0.4 )NO 3 system.

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“…It was found that the experimental data of the salt mixtures showed agreement with the calculated values using a simple linear mixing law. The thermo-physical properties of several molten salt mixtures, such as ternary eutectic salt (Na-K-Li, Na-K-Ca), quaternary eutectic salt (Na-K-Li-Ca), solar salt (60 wt.% NaNO 3 , 40 wt.% KNO 3 ), HITEC salt, were measured and reviewed extensively in the literature [10][11][12][13]. The results showed that all the thermo-physical properties, including density, viscosity, heat capacity and thermal conductivity, were temperature dependant, e.g., the thermal conductivities of pure sodium nitrate were 0.91 W/(m K), 0.82 W/(m K) and 0.73 W/(m K) at the temperature of 47.3°C, 144.9°C and 245.8°C, respectively [12], which can be very useful in the system modeling and design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed that all the thermo-physical properties, including density, viscosity, heat capacity and thermal conductivity, were temperature dependant, e.g., the thermal conductivities of pure sodium nitrate were 0.91 W/(m K), 0.82 W/(m K) and 0.73 W/(m K) at the temperature of 47.3°C, 144.9°C and 245.8°C, respectively [12], which can be very useful in the system modeling and design. Iverson et al [11] measured the thermal conductivities of three representative salts with steady state method, and also extensively investigated the mechanical properties of them, including tensile strength, compressive strength, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and numerical study of heat transfer performance of nitrate/expanded graphite composite PCM for solar energy storage

Xiao

Zhang

2015

Energy Conversion and Management

106

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Thermal and mechanical properties of nitrate thermal storage salts in the solid-phase

Cited by 48 publications

References 15 publications

Molten salt composition and composites for improved latent heat thermal energy storage

Molten salt composition and composites for improved latent heat thermal energy storage

Thermal Properties of (Na<sub>0.6</sub>K<sub>0.4</sub>)NO<sub>3</sub> Thermal Storage System in the Solid-Solid Phase

Experimental and numerical study of heat transfer performance of nitrate/expanded graphite composite PCM for solar energy storage

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Thermal and mechanical properties of nitrate thermal storage salts in the solid-phase

Cited by 48 publications

References 15 publications

Molten salt composition and composites for improved latent heat thermal energy storage

Molten salt composition and composites for improved latent heat thermal energy storage

Thermal Properties of (Na&lt;sub&gt;0.6&lt;/sub&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;0.4&lt;/sub&gt;)NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; Thermal Storage System in the Solid-Solid Phase

Experimental and numerical study of heat transfer performance of nitrate/expanded graphite composite PCM for solar energy storage

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Thermal Properties of (Na<sub>0.6</sub>K<sub>0.4</sub>)NO<sub>3</sub> Thermal Storage System in the Solid-Solid Phase