Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals from Southern Pine

Zhang, Chunmei; Dan, Yi; Peng, Jun; Turng, Lih‐Sheng; Sabo, Ronald; Clemons, Craig M.

doi:10.1002/adv.21448

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Addition of CNC alone significantly ( P < .05) increased the TS of the chitosan film but decreased %E, which demonstrates the reinforcing effect of CNC in nanocomposite film and is consistent with previous studies . This reinforcing effect possibly may arise as a consequence of restricted polymer chain mobility in the vicinity of nanocrystals . On the other hand, incorporation of GPE alone significantly reduced film TS compared with the control film, but %E was not altered ( P > .05).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Chitosan nanocomposite films incorporating cellulose nanocrystals and grape pomace extracts

Willis

Jordan

et al. 2018

Packag Technol Sci

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Chitosan nanocomposite films incorporating grape pomace extract (GPE), either Cabernet Franc (CF; a red variety) or Viognier (a white variety), and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) were prepared using a solvent casting method. Mechanical properties, water vapour permeability, color and opacity, crystalline structure, thermal properties, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of the films were characterized. Incorporating CNC alone significantly (P < .05) increased tensile strength of the films and decreased their percent elongation at break and water vapour permeability. Grape pomace extract had an opposite effect on mechanical properties by decreasing tensile strength but increasing percent elongation at break. Film color was mainly influenced by the presence and type of GPE. Films containing CF extract exhibited the darkest appearance with increased reddish and bluish hues. Addition of CNC significantly increased film opacity and the alignment of chitosan chains, while the effect of GPE was not significant. Thermal analysis showed that chitosan and CNC were partially miscible and that the addition of CNC did not significantly change decomposition temperature of the films. Incorporation of GPE significantly (P < .05) increase total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Films containing CF had higher DPPH• radical scavenging capacity than their counterparts with Viognier. Film incorporating both CNC and CF shows greater potential for food packaging application because of a combination of improved physical properties and high antioxidant activity.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Chitosan nanocomposite films incorporating cellulose nanocrystals and grape pomace extracts

Willis

Jordan

et al. 2018

Packag Technol Sci

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“…Table 2), NR-CHNC gave the highest storage modulus at -70 o C, also, at temperature of +20 o C, cellulosic based composites showed superior storage modulus over neat NR and standard NR-CB. These values are very similar to the ones obtained by Visakh et al [10] and Zhang et al [16]. In the context of this work, CHNC, BNC and CLNC are cellulosic particles obtained from coconut husk, bamboo and cotton linters respectively through the same procedure; hence, the same level of reinforcements were expected to be conferred on the rubber matrix.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature and Filler Types On Storagesupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The damping or loss factor is a measure of the extent a viscoelastic material can damp or isolate vibration from external source. The Tg values composite of samples of cellulosic particles (NR-CHNC, NR-BNC and NR-CLNC) were observed to be slightly higher than that of the reference neat sample (neat-NR) compared to NR-CB signifying that the main rubber chain is stiffen by interacting with this cellulosic materials [16], this could be due to the polymeric nature of cellulosic materials. Natural rubber has been reported to be one of the polymer materials with the highest damping factor due to its inherent motion of the polyisoprene backbone [5].…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature and Particle Types On Lossmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The result showed distinct single peaks for all samples. Two significant parameters corresponding to the x-and y-axes of peak for various curves are of interest: the coordinate of the x-axis or abscissa is often used to locate the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the material while the coordinate of y-axis also known as tangent delta maximum (tan δmax) is used to locate the damping or loss factor [16]. The Tg obtained from these curves were -35.84, -35.27, -34.61, -34.29 and -37.30 o C for neat-NR, NR-CHNC, NR-BNC, NR-CLNC and NR-CB respectively while their respective damping factors (tan δmax) were 1.842, 1.563, 1.51, 1.275 and 1.518.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature and Particle Types On Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic mechanical properties of crosslinked natural rubber composites reinforced with cellulosic nanoparticles

Oboh¹,

Okafor²,

Kovo³

et al. 2018

Nig. J. Tech.

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The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of crosslinked natural rubber nanocomposites reinforced with cellulosic nanoparticles obtained from lignocelluloses biomass (coconut husk, bamboo culm and cotton linters) has been investigated and compared with carbon black filled natural rubber vulcanizate. The crosslinked natural rubber matrix based composites were produced by melt intercalation process using two roll mixing mill and vulcanized in a thermally regulated hydraulic press. DMA were carried out in order to obtain their viscoelastic thermo-mechanical spectrum. Results showed decrease in storage modulus (E') with increasing temperature while glass transition temperatures (Tg) obtained from temperature dependence loss tangent curves were -35.84, 37.30, -34.61, -35.27 and -34.29 o C for neat-natural rubber (NR), natural rubber reinforced carbon black (NR-CB), natural rubber reinforced bamboo cellulosic particles (NR-BNC), natural rubber reinforced coconut husk cellulosic particles (NR-CHNC) and natural rubber reinforced cotton linter particles (NR-CLNC) respectively. The composite of NR-CHNC was also found to give a higher damping factor of 1.563 compared to NR-CB which gave a value of 1.518. nanocomposites reinforced with cellulosic nanoparticles can provide adequate synergy for loading bearing and vibration isolation application.

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“…The temperature dependences of storage modulus ( E ′), loss modulus ( E ′′), and tan δ are presented in Figure . In Figure (a), the storage modulus was rather constant at low temperature because in the glassy stage molecular mobility was limited to vibrations and short‐range rotational motions . NR/silica composites with NR‐g‐PHEA as compatibilizer exhibited higher glassy state modulus than NR/silica composites without NR‐g‐PHEA, indicating reinforcement by silica of the NR matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural rubber‐graft‐poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) on cure characteristics and mechanical properties of silica‐filled natural rubber composites

Borapak

Chueangchayaphan

Pichaiyut³

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The grafting of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) onto natural rubber (NR‐g‐PHEA) was used to compatibilize NR composites with silica filler. The NR/silica compounds were prepared with various grafting percentages of NR‐g‐PHEA (0, 6.5, 10.5, and 14.5%) and fixed amounts of 3 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) NR‐g‐PHEA and 20 phr silica. The cure characteristics were examined using a moving die rheometer. The physicomechanical properties of NR/silica composites were determined in terms of tensile strength, bound rubber content, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Thermal properties were assessed with thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that scorch time and cure time tend to decrease with the level of grafting in NR‐g‐PHEA. The NR‐g‐PHEA decreased tan δ, whereas bound rubber content in NR/silica compounds increased, which indicates improved silica dispersion in the NR matrix. The mechanical properties improved with level of grafting in NR‐g‐PHEA. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48738.

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Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals from Southern Pine

Cited by 53 publications

References 22 publications

Chitosan nanocomposite films incorporating cellulose nanocrystals and grape pomace extracts

Chitosan nanocomposite films incorporating cellulose nanocrystals and grape pomace extracts

Dynamic mechanical properties of crosslinked natural rubber composites reinforced with cellulosic nanoparticles

Natural rubber‐graft‐poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) on cure characteristics and mechanical properties of silica‐filled natural rubber composites

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