Thermal and mechanical properties of carbon-based rubber nanocomposites: A review

The development of thermally conductive rubber nanocomposites for heat management poses a formidable challenge in numerous applications, notably within the realm of tire technology. Notably, rubber materials are characterized by their inherently low thermal conductivity. Consequently, it becomes imperative to incorporate diverse conductive fillers to mitigate the propensity for heat build-up. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), as reinforcement agents within the tire tread compounds, have gained considerable attention owing to their extraordinary attributes. The attainment of high-performance rubber nanocomposites hinges significantly on the uniform distribution of MWCNT. This study presents the influence of MWCNTs on the performance of carbon black (CB)-reinforced natural rubber (NR)/styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) tire compounds prepared via high shear melt mixing. Morphological analysis showed a good distribution of MWCNTs in the NR/SBR/CB compound. The vulcanization parameters, such as the maximum and minimum torque, cross-linking density, hardness, abrasion resistance, tensile strength, and Young modulus, exhibited a progressive improvement with the addition of MWCNT. Remarkably, adding MWCNT into CB improved the heat conductivity of the NR/SBR/CB compounds, hence decreasing the heat build-up. A percolation mode was also proposed for the hybrid carbon fillers based on the data obtained.

Section: Electrical and Thermal Conductivity Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Heat Dissipation of NR/SBR-Based Tire Tread Compounds via Hybrid Fillers of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube and Carbon Black

Kodal,

Yazıcı Çakır,

Yıldırım

et al. 2023

“…Finally, the swelling behavior of rubbers in biodiesel and IRM 903 was measured. Based on earlier studies, it was found that the addition of SWCNTs resulted in the improvement of tensile strength, modulus, hardness, and electrical conductivity of the blends, while the elongation at break was slightly reduced [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Previous studies have been conducted on the effect of SWCNTs on the mechanical and electrical conductivity properties of rubber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Investigation of the Degradation Properties of Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber/Polyamide Elastomer/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites in Thermo-Oxidative and Hot Oil Environments

Liu,

Wang,

Ren

et al. 2024

The physical blending method was used in order to prepare nitrile-butadiene rubber/polyamide elastomer/single-walled carbon nanotube (NBR/PAE/SWCNT) composites with better thermal-oxidative aging resistance. The interactions between SWCNTs and NBR/PAE were characterized using the Moving Die Rheometer 2000 (MDR 2000), rheological behavior tests, the equilibrium swelling method, and mechanical property tests. The 100% constant tensile stress and hardness of NBR/PAE/SWCNT composites increased from 2.59 MPa to 4.14 MPa and from 62 Shore A to 69 Shore A, respectively, and the elongation decreased from 421% to 355% with increasing SWCNT content. NBR/PAE/SWCNT composites had improved thermal-oxidative aging resistance due to better interactions between SWCNTs and NBR/PAE. During the aging process, the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with the increase in aging time compared to the unaged samples, and the constant tensile stress gradually increased. There was a more significant difference in the degradation of mechanical properties when aged in a variety of oils. The 100% constant tensile stress of NBR/PAE/SWCNT composites aged in IRM 903 gradually increased with aging time while it gradually decreased in biodiesel. The swelling index gradually increased with increasing SWCNT content. Interestingly, the swelling index of the composites in cyclohexanone decreased with the increase in SWCNT content. The reasons leading to different swelling behaviors when immersed in different kinds of liquids were investigated using the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) method, which provides an excellent guide for the application of some oil-resistant products.

“…The rubber industry has explored a wide range of additives and modifiers to optimize the behavior of these materials for their various applications, improving their respective properties and performance. For example, one of the most interesting applications described in the literature is the use of fillers to impart better mechanical properties, such as carbon black, silica, organoclays and graphene materials, among others [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Study of Novel Composites Based on EPDM Rubber Containing Bismuth (III) Oxide and Graphene Nanoplatelets for Gamma Radiation Shielding

Álvarez-Cortez,

Molina,

Urbano

et al. 2024

The mechanical, thermal and gamma radiation attenuation properties of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM)-based composites containing graphene nanoplatelets (GNs) and bismuth (III) oxide nanoparticles (B) were investigated. The use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a compatibilizer to improve the dispersion of the fillers was also investigated. The results showed that the combined use of these fillers resulted in a drastic increase in mechanical properties, reaching 123% and 83% of tensile strength and elongation at break, respectively, compared to those of EPDM. In contrast, the addition of PEG to composites containing EPDM GNs and B resulted in composites with lower values of mechanical properties compared to the EPDM/B/GN-based composite. However, the presence of PEG leads to obtaining a composite (EPDM/B/GNP) with a mass attenuation coefficient to gamma radiation (137Cs, 662 keV) superior to that composite without PEG. In addition, the composite EPDM, B and PEG exhibited an elongation at break 153% superior to unfilled EPDM. Moreover, the binary filler system consisting of 100 phr of bismuth (III) oxide and 10 phr of GN leads to reaching 61% of the linear damping coefficient of the EPDM composite compared to that value of the unfilled EPDM. The study of the morphology and the state of filler dispersion in the polymer matrix, obtained using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively, provides a useful background for understanding the factors affecting the gamma radiation attenuation properties. Finally, the results also indicated that by adjusting the formulation, it is possible to tune the mechanical and thermal properties of EPDM composites reinforced with bismuth oxide and graphene nanoplatelets.