Thermal and Microwave Constrained Focusing for Patient-Specific Breast Cancer Hyperthermia: A Robustness Assessment

Iero, Domenica A. M.; Crocco, Lorenzo; Isernia, Tommaso

doi:10.1109/tap.2013.2293336

Cited by 68 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Previous studies had shown that microwave hyperthermia is a promising noninvasive treatment for breast cancer [5]- [10]. The performance of ultra-wideband and narrowband microwave hyperthermia based on beam forming was investigated theoretically in [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Pencil Beam Grid Antenna Array for Hyperthermia Breast Cancer Treatment System

Tayel¹,

Abouelnaga²,

Elnagar³

2017

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In this paper, efficient, high gain and pencil beam grid antenna array is proposed for hyperthermia breast cancer therapy system. The proposed antenna bandwidth extends from 4.8 GHz to 4.9 GHz at resonant frequency of 4.86 GHz. This frequency band has been reported for the breast cancer hyperthermia therapy. The grid long and short sides are responsible for the undesired cross-polarized radiation and desired copolarized radiation, respectively. The unsuitability of the conventional grid antenna array is ensured by investigating its radiation properties. The proposed grid antenna array short side width is varied and its long side width is kept wide as possible to enhance the radiation properties and to reduce the losses. Also, a reflector has been used for gain enhancement purpose. The proposed grid antenna array achieves side lobe level and 3 dB beam width of −27.9 dB and 25.9˚ for the E-plane and −27.9 dB and 26.3˚ for the H-plane, respectively. The breast phantom is irradiated by both proposed and conventional grid antenna arrays for 10 minutes. The proposed grid antenna array achieves 8˚C temperature increase within the breast phantom area compared to 2˚C temperature increase for conventional one. The proposed grid antenna array is highly efficient, high gain and light weight, and it has a very suitable radiation property for hyperthermia breast cancer therapy.

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confidence: 99%

Pencil Beam Grid Antenna Array for Hyperthermia Breast Cancer Treatment System

Tayel¹,

Abouelnaga²,

Elnagar³

2017

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“…However, one of the persisting challenges of breast cancer hyperthermia is the requirement to focus the microwave power at the target while preventing auxiliary foci in surrounding tissues. Many studies are dedicated to investigating different techniques for focusing microwave hyperthermia for non-invasive treatment of the breast [34,49,52,62,64,65,[69][70][71][73][74][75][76][77][78]. These studies present interesting results of focusing microwave power for breast cancer treatment, however, there are several drawbacks that need to be solved.…”

Section: Existing Non-invasive Approaches For Localized Heating Tumoumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also conducted in a 2D environment, the recent study in [75] has introduced an optimization technique to focus the microwave power inside the breast phantom. The approach exploits the Green function for solving the bio-heat equation and uses the optimal constrained power focusing method to design the antenna array.…”

Section: Two-dimensional (2d) Computational Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are conducted using either a two-dimensional models and/or ideal sources for the antenna elements. The previously used configurations [73][74][75]77] ignored the radiation properties of realistic antenna arrays, which define the true direction and wave-front shape of travelling waves inside the phantom. Moreover, some of the previously presented systems suffer from a low power efficiency [80], while others, such as [43], are based on optimizing the specific absorption rate without thermal prediction or guarantee that no hot spots are generated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on our investigations, the proposed system uses the band around 4 GHz due to its reasonable compromise between the required signal penetration and beam focusing. By using an antenna array to focus microwave power to a realistic 3D breast model, our approach tackles the limitations from recent studies [75] where 2D breast model and point sources are used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Focusing microwave hyperthermia in realistic environment for breast cancer treatment

Nguyen¹

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Microwave hyperthermia, a process that involves heating tumour cells, has been proposed as an alternative method of treating breast cancer. By sending microwave energy of a suitable frequency range to the breast, localised heating is induced by the applied electromagnetic radiation. It is important that the tumour is heated to a temperature greater than 42℃, (the required temperature for hyperthermia treatment) while keeping healthy tissue at normal body temperature. Several useful approaches have been proposed to direct microwave hyperthermia to cancerous tissue, including novel focusing methods and innovative microwave hardware designs. However, a number of challenges restricting the use of microwave systems in clinical medicine remain. Arguably, the most persisting engineering problem to overcome is achieving locally focused microwave power in the heterogeneous environment of the breast. In order to understand the challenges of microwave hyperthermia, considerably large computational efforts are required to solve 3D Electromagnetic (EM) problems in a complex model of breast tissue.The success of using microwave hyperthermia to treat breast cancer is highly dependent on the accuracy of the excitation signals utilised for each antenna element. Several research papers have reported various approaches on this topic. Although recent progress has been made in the investigation of microwave hyperthermia, the studies were mainly reliant upon oversimplified Radio Frequency (RF) models which assume point source applicators, and human breast phantoms which are mostly 2D models lacking tissue thermal-electric properties. As a result, it is infeasible to implement the proposed systems for clinical applications. This thesis aims to address the limitations of these earlier studies by modelling and constructing realistic human breast models and 3D antenna arrays. This will require the determination of correct phases and amplitudes for the excitation signals in a realistic environment by using a global optimisation method.The approaches proposed use actual antenna arrays to transmit microwave power while the excitation signals are optimised based on power distributions and thermal profiles induced in the patient-specific breast models. The first study based on 2D antenna arrays and patient-specific breast models is demonstrated in Chapter 3. In this study, microwave hyperthermia is performed in a realistic environment rather than over-simplified scenarios. In the recommended technique, electromagnetic focusing on patient-specific breast models concentrates the power at the tumour position while successfully keeping the power levels at other positions (healthy tissue) at minimum values. Several patient-specific breast models ranging from fatty tissue to highly dense tissue are used to investigate the effect of breast anatomy on the proposed focusing technique.ii Chapter 4 introduces an improved hyperthermia approach for breast cancer treatment, overcoming the limitations of previously analysed techniques. In this appro...

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Advances in 3‐D electromagnetic focusing: Optimized time reversal and optimal constrained power focusing

2017

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In this paper, we show how to successfully deal with the problem of focusing a vector field in a 3‐D scenario, by properly extending two recently introduced procedures developed with respect to 2‐D fields. In particular, to address this problem relevant in many applications, we describe an improved version of the well‐known time reversal technique, the optimized time reversal, and a procedure able to provide an optimal focusing in the presence of arbitrary upper bounds for the field intensity, the optimal constrained power focusing. The two approaches are presented, discussed, and comparatively assessed in two different scenarios representative of realistic working conditions. The results confirm the possibility of tackling the problem of focusing a 3‐D vector field in an efficient way and that the optimal constrained power focusing, while computationally heavier, provides the best possible focusing performance.

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Thermal and Microwave Constrained Focusing for Patient-Specific Breast Cancer Hyperthermia: A Robustness Assessment

Cited by 68 publications

References 28 publications

Pencil Beam Grid Antenna Array for Hyperthermia Breast Cancer Treatment System

Pencil Beam Grid Antenna Array for Hyperthermia Breast Cancer Treatment System

Focusing microwave hyperthermia in realistic environment for breast cancer treatment

Advances in 3‐D electromagnetic focusing: Optimized time reversal and optimal constrained power focusing

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