Thermal and photostabilization studies on carbohydrates functionalized with azo chromophoric system 2‐[(<i>E</i>)‐(3‐hydroxynaphthalen‐2‐yl)diazenyl]benzoic acid

Chandran, Ambily; Kuriakose, Sunny; Mathew, Tessymol

doi:10.1002/pat.3107

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…2,3 However, cellulose has limitations in its processability. 7,8 Cellulose esters, which represent a class of commercially important thermoplastic polymers, are typical cellulose derivatives with excellent ber and lmogenic characteristics. [4][5][6] The properties and processability of cellulose can be dramatically modied by the substitution reactions of its hydroxyl groups, and cellulose is the most commercially signicant nature polymer with billions of kilograms of its sales each year for a wide range of applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6] The properties and processability of cellulose can be dramatically modied by the substitution reactions of its hydroxyl groups, and cellulose is the most commercially signicant nature polymer with billions of kilograms of its sales each year for a wide range of applications. 7,8 Cellulose esters, which represent a class of commercially important thermoplastic polymers, are typical cellulose derivatives with excellent ber and lmogenic characteristics. 9 Moreover, cellulose esters can offer interesting alternatives to petrochemical plastics, depending on their physical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green mechanical activation-assisted solid phase synthesis of cellulose esters using a co-reactant: effect of chain length of fatty acids on reaction efficiency and structure properties of products

Zhang

et al. 2015

RSC Adv.

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Esterification is an important chemical modification for the preparation of natural cellulose-based materials.However, esterification of cellulose is commonly carried out in organic solvents, which reduces the economic and environmental feasibility of the synthetic technologies. Herein we report a novel technology for the production of cellulose esters, which combines mechanical activation (MA) and esterification in a stirring ball mill under solid phase conditions without the use of solvents. With the use of acetic anhydride as co-reactant and fatty acids as long chain esterifying agents, 1 H and 13 C NMR measurements confirmed that both acetyl and long chain fatty acyl groups were successfully grafted on cellulose by the technology of MA-assisted solid phase synthesis (MASPS). The factors which contributed to the successful preparation of cellulose esters were: the formation of highly reactive mixed acetic-long chain fatty acid anhydride, the generation of active hydroxyl groups in cellulose, the weakening of the steric effect of long chain fatty acids, and the improved contact between reagents and cellulose which were first induced by intense milling. It also showed that the reactivity of fatty acids and the degree of substitution (DS) of fatty acyls decreased with the increase in their chain length, and the long chain fatty acylium ions preferred to react with the more reactive hydroxyl group in the anhydro glucose unit of cellulose. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy analyses were used to measure the changes in chemical structure, crystal structure, and surface morphology of the cellulose before and after esterification by MASPS, respectively. The results indicate that this green, simple, and efficient technology is suitable for the direct production of cellulose esters with long chain substituents.

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