Thermal and structure analysis on reaction mechanisms during the preparation of activated carbon fibers by KOH activation from liquefied wood-based fibers

Huang, Yuxiang; Ma, Erni; Zhao, Guangbo

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.03.002

Cited by 163 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The amorphous char layer coated on densified wood surface is further demonstrated in the corresponding FTIR (Figure e) and Raman spectra (Figure S6, Supporting Information). The FTIR characteristic peaks of the densified wood appear to be lost after burning, and meanwhile the D and G peaks at 1354 and 1590 cm −1 in the Raman spectra confirmed the amorphous carbon on the wood surface . The char layer on the outside surface can act as a thermal barrier, which effectively protects the interior wood against the rapid increase of temperature, helping to maintain the overall integrity of the densified wood structure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Dense, Self‐Formed Char Layer Enables a Fire‐Retardant Wood Structural Material

Gan

Chen

Wang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

157

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Wood is one of the most abundant, sustainable, and aesthetically pleasing structural materials and is commonly used in building and furniture construction. Unfortunately, the fire hazard of wood is a major safety concern for its practical applications. Herein, an effective and environmentally friendly method is demonstrated to substantially improve the fire-retardant properties of wood materials by delignification and densification. The densification process eliminates the spaces between the cell walls, leading to a highly compact laminated structure that can block oxygen from infiltrating the material. In addition, an insulating wood char layer self-formed during the burning process obstructs the transport of heat and oxygen diffusion. These synergistic effects contribute to the material's excellent fire-retardant and self-extinguished properties, including a 2.08-fold enhancement in ignition time (t ig ) and 34.6% decrease in maximum heat release rate. Meanwhile, the densified wood shows a more than 82-fold enhancement in compressive strength compared with natural wood after exposure to flame for 90 s, which could effectively prevent the collapse and destruction of wooden structures, and gain precious rescue time when a fire occurs. The facile top-down chemical delignification and densification process enabling both substantially enhances fire-retardant performance and mechanical robustness represents a promising direction toward fire-retardant and high-strength structural materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Dense, Self‐Formed Char Layer Enables a Fire‐Retardant Wood Structural Material

Gan

Chen

Wang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

157

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“…En el espectro (a) se muestra una banda fuerte a 3250 cm -1 , correspondiente a la vibración de estiramiento del enlace hidroxilo (OH), asignado a la presencia de alcoholes y fenoles (MaldonadoHodar et al 2011, Huang et al 2015, Muhammad et al 2015. En el carbón activado sin lavar, a 2252 cm -1 se presenta una banda débil que caracteriza a la vibración tipo estiramiento del triple enlace del carbono que puede estar presente en la superficie del material (Hoseinzadeh et al 2013 residuos de K 2 CO 3 , un subproducto del proceso de activación con KOH (Toledano 1988, Huang et al 2015. Otras bandas detectadas en 703 y 669 cm -1 son indicadoras de la presencia de K 2 CO 3 en el material preparado.…”

Section: Espectroscopía Infrarroja Con Transformada De Fourierunclassified

SÍNTESIS DE CARBÓN ACTIVADO A PARTIR DE EPICARPIO DE Attalea macrolepis Y SU APLICACIÓN EN LA REMOCIÓN DE Pb2+ EN SOLUCIONES ACUOSAS

Ramos¹,

Rondón

Astudillo³

et al. 2017

Rev. Int. Contam. Ambie.

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Palabras clave: residuo vegetal, pirólisis, isotermas, adsorción química RESUMEN En este trabajo se sintetizó carbón activado a partir del epicarpio de Attalea macrolepis y se evaluó como adsorbente para la remoción de iones Pb 2+ . El pH, la masa del adsorbente, el tiempo y la concentración inicial de plomo se evaluaron como pará-metros influyentes en el proceso de adsorción. Por otro lado, se evaluó el mecanismo de adsorción de los iones de plomo sobre el carbón activado usando los modelos de Langmuir, Freundlich y Dubinin-Radushkevich. Mediante espectroscopía infrarroja con transformada de Fourier en el material adsorbente se identificaron los grupos funcionales hidroxilos, carboxilatos, olefinas y anillos bencénicos. Por medio de microscopía electrónica de transmisión se evidenció una matriz de partículas aglomeradas heterogéneas de tamaño comprendido entre 149 a 185 nm. Las condiciones óptimas obtenidas para la remoción de 70 % de iones Pb 2+ (5 mg/L) fueron a pH 5, una masa de adsorbente de 150 mg, un tiempo de contacto de una hora, una agitación de 1500 rpm y un volumen de 25 mL. A partir de las isotermas se obtuvo una capacidad máxima de adsorción de 0.500 mg/g. La energía de adsorción calculada a partir del modelo de Dubinin-Radushkevich fue de 10.42 KJ/mol, este valor energético permite inferir que en el sistema carbón activado-iones Pb 2+ ocurre una adsorción química. Los resultados demuestran que el carbón activado producido con el epicarpio de Attalea macrolepis es un adsorbente alternativo de bajo costo y amigable con el ambiente para remover Pb 2+ de sistemas acuosos.

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“…6 and 7. For the precursor fiber, a lot of peaks can be observed, suggesting that there were more complicated constitutions and structures of the precursor fiber due to the multifarious components of wood and various reactions, such as degradation, phenolation, and polycondensation during liquefaction (Huang et al 2015a). A broad peak located at 3430 cm -1 was assigned to the stretching vibration of hydroxyl, and a group of bands could be observed between 900 cm −1 and 650 cm −1 , characteristic of the out-of-plane bending vibration of C-H in aromatic rings (Domínguez et al 2013), with three peaks at 878, 818, and 752 cm −1 .…”

Section: Ftir Analysis Of Precursor Fiber and Prepared Activated Carbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Fibers from Liquefied Wood by ZnCl2 Activation

Liu¹,

Huang²,

Zhao³

2016

BioResources

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In this study, activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were prepared from liquefied wood by chemical activation with ZnCl2, with a particular focus on the effects of temperature and ZnCl2: liquefied wood-based fiber (LWF) ratio on yield, porous texture, and surface chemistry. The characterization and properties of these ACFs were investigated by nitrogen adsorption/desorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). When using a 6:1 impregnation ratio, the specific surface area (SBET) of the resultant ACFs was as high as 1423 m 2 /g. The effect of an increase in impregnation ratio on the porosity of ACFs was stronger than that of an increase in the activation temperature. However, the former had a weaker impact on the surface chemistry and structure. It was also found that the yields of ACFs obtained by ZnCl2 activation were higher than those obtained by physical activation. Besides, the prepared ACFs presented higher adsorption than other raw materials in the adsorption test, indicating that ACFs prepared from LWF by ZnCl2 activation could be used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of medium size organic compounds.

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Thermal and structure analysis on reaction mechanisms during the preparation of activated carbon fibers by KOH activation from liquefied wood-based fibers

Cited by 163 publications

References 32 publications

Dense, Self‐Formed Char Layer Enables a Fire‐Retardant Wood Structural Material

Dense, Self‐Formed Char Layer Enables a Fire‐Retardant Wood Structural Material

SÍNTESIS DE CARBÓN ACTIVADO A PARTIR DE EPICARPIO DE Attalea macrolepis Y SU APLICACIÓN EN LA REMOCIÓN DE Pb2+ EN SOLUCIONES ACUOSAS

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Fibers from Liquefied Wood by ZnCl2 Activation

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