The study investigates thermal interactions in a two-dimensional time fractional-order thermoelastic problem in a homogeneous, isotropic, and perfectly conducting thick annular disc subjected to a point impulsive sectional heat source. We utilize unconventional integral transformation techniques to study the thermoelastic response of a disc, in which an internal heat source is generated according to the linear function of the temperature and radiation-type boundary conditions. The time fractional-order thermoelastic theory is used to determine temperature, displacement, and stresses through a series of Bessel functions. Numerical calculations analyze fractional-order parameters on aluminum discs, incorporating time-based fractional derivatives into field equations for practical engineering scenarios, enhancing thermal properties analysis.