Thermal behavior of lithium‐ion battery in microgrid application: Impact and management system

Abstract

Summary Safe and reliable operation is among the considerations when integrating lithium‐ion batteries as the energy storage system in microgrids. A lithium‐ion battery is very sensitive to temperature in which it is one of the critical factors affecting the performance and limiting the practical application of the battery. Furthermore, the adverse effects differ according to the temperature. The susceptibility of lithium‐ion battery to temperature imposes the need to deploy an efficient battery thermal management system to ensure the safe operation of the battery while at the same time maximizing its performance and life cycle. To design a good thermal management system, accurate temperature measurement is vital to assist the battery thermal management system in managing relevant states such as the stage‐of‐charge and state‐of‐health of the battery. This article outlines the effects of low and high temperatures on the performance of Li‐ion batteries. Next, a review of currently available internal temperature monitoring approaches is presented based on their feasibility and complexity. Then, an overview of battery thermal management systems based on different cooling mediums is presented. This includes air cooling, liquid cooling, phase change material (PCM) cooling, heat pipe cooling, boiling‐based cooling, and solid‐state cooling. The final section of this article discusses the practical implementation of the internal temperature measurement approach and battery thermal management system for microgrids. From the review, a suitable candidate is the flexible, low maintenance, and long lifetime hybrid battery thermal management system that combines heat pipe cooling and solid‐state cooling. It is capable of maintaining the maximum operating temperature of the battery within 45°C at up to 3C discharge rate while being a relatively simple system. Additionally, passive PCM with thermally conductive filler can also be employed to assist the hybrid battery thermal management system in improving the temperature uniformity well within 5°C.

Thermoelectric cooler performance enhancement using thermoelectric generators and their use as a single model to improve the performance of thermal battery management systems for electric vehicles

“…B, Hybrid BTMS component parts individually. 54 BTMS, battery thermal management system. energy use and save the environment.…”

“…The TEC limits' cooling capabilities are previously mentioned. Zhang et al 54 suggested a hybrid BTMS for prismatic Li‐ion battery cell to combine TEC and HP, where the HP is employed to dissipate the heat on the hot side of the TEC. The aluminum sheet and HP were attached to the TEC hot and cold sides, as indicated in Figure 7B.…”

“…A, Construction of a BTMS utilizing a thermoelectric cooler and a pipe of heat. B, Hybrid BTMS component parts individually 54 . BTMS, battery thermal management system.…”

Freestanding V 5 O 12 · 6H 2 O‐CNTs composite films as cathode for foldable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries

“…Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are used in various devices due to their high energy density. [1][2][3] However, the scarcity and price of lithium resources force us to find alternative new energy sources. Meanwhile, combustible organic electrolytes cannot achieve safety under foldable conduction.…”

“…Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are used in various devices due to their high energy density 1‐3 . However, the scarcity and price of lithium resources force us to find alternative new energy sources.…”