Thermal characterisation of Australian oil shales

Berkovich, Adam J.; Young, Brent R.; Levy, John H.; Ray, Avik

doi:10.1007/bf01996757

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This is due to several reasons include chemical composition of the solvent and the cohesion of atoms with each other which helps to attach OM and easily extract it. Another factor is that the polar solvents have low boiling points compared with non-polar ones which mean that the energy required to heat the non-polar is quite high compare with that of polar solvents [29]- [31]. As shown in Figure 4, the best polar solvent is THF (OM yield % = 27%) because of its complex chemical composition, cohesion between atoms, and strong structure that can dissolve the OM easily [31].…”

Section: Grain Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shale Oil Solvent Extraction of Central Jordan El-Lajjun Oil Shale

Alnawafleh

Fraige²

2015

JASMI

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The extraction of the organic matter (OM) from oil shale (OS) can be achieved by several processing techniques. Normally, these techniques can remove high proportion of the organic material contained in oil shale. In this work, organic solvents extraction experiments were implemented to investigate the effect of various parameters on Jordanian El-Lajjun oil shale extractability. Results indicate that the approximate organic matter content in studied El-Lajjun oil shale is 17.48%, and 75% of OS sample particles diameters are less than 270 μm. The grain size has minor effect on shale oil extraction via organic solvents. Among eleven solvents used, the highest yield is obtained via the tetrahedrofuran (THF), whereas, with the use of solvent mixtures, the highest bitumen yield is obtained through the mixture of THF and toluene. The solvation variability is related to mode of extraction and various physicochemical factors such as extraction temperature, pressure, solvent type and mixing time, which result in different OM yield. The results indicate that the solvent extraction could be potential for shale oil extraction from Jordanian El-Lajjun OS under certain conditions of temperature, pressure and solvent type used.

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Section: Grain Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shale Oil Solvent Extraction of Central Jordan El-Lajjun Oil Shale

Alnawafleh

Fraige²

2015

JASMI

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“…As previously reported, the type of extraction solvent affects the extraction yield [6,7]. Hence, the extraction of hydrocarbons from two samples were first tested with four representative organic solvents: hexane, methanol, ethanol, and chloroform ( Table 2, entries 1-4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be seen that the extraction yield from both oil shales with different solvents decreases in the following order: chloroform>ethanol>methanol>hexane. This result may be attributed to the physical and chemical properties of the solvents, which affect their ability to dissolve or break bonds based on electron donor-acceptor interactions and hydrogen bonding [6,7]. Moreover, the polarity of the solvent undoubtedly affects its dissolving ability, hence the structure and the functional groups of the solvent should also be considered.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green Process for Simultaneous Extraction of Oil Shale and Enrichment of Ethanol

Wolfson¹,

Elmugrabi²,

Levi³

et al. 2011

Oil Shale

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Pure ethanol and its mixtures with water were used as extraction solvents for two Israeli's oil shales. Using bioethanol-like mixtures to produce organic matter from oil shales made the extraction process environmentally friendlier, while simultaneously enriched the ethanol to a level that it can be used as a fuel. It was found that oil shale characteristics, such as organic and water content and particle size, as well as extraction parameters such as shale loading and mixing speed, were found to highly affect the extraction yield. Under optimum conditions up to 8 wt% of organic matter was extracted by ethanol.

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“…Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of high resolution thermogravimetric method. The use of HRTG have commonly been applied in the decomposition of minerals (hydrotalcite, organoclays, peisleyite, montmorillonite), polymers and oil shales [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In the field of civil construction, only few studies have been reported using HRTG technique [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of high-resolution thermogravimetric analysis (HRTG) technique in spent FCC catalyst/Portland cement pastes

Soriano

Tashima

Bonilla

et al. 2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) is one of the most common instrumental techniques used for the characterization of pastes, mortars and concretes based on both calcium hydroxide or Portland cement.Important information about pozzolanic materials can be assessed concerning to calcium hydroxide consumption and the formation of new hydrated products. Nevertheless, in some cases, problems associated to the overlapped decomposition processes for hydrates difficult the analysis of obtained data.In this paper the use of high resolution thermogravimetric analysis (HRTG), a powerful technique that allows separating decomposition processes in analysis of hydrated binders, was performed for spent FCC catalyst -Portland cement pastes. These pastes were monitored for 1, 4, 8 hours and 1, 2, 3, 7 and 28 curing days. In order to study the influence of the pozzolanic material (spent FCC catalyst), Portland cement replacements of 5, 15 and 30 % by mass were carried out. The presence of spent FCC catalyst in blended pastes modified the amount and the nature of the formed hydrates, mainly ettringite and stratlingite.

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Thermal characterisation of Australian oil shales

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Shale Oil Solvent Extraction of Central Jordan El-Lajjun Oil Shale

Shale Oil Solvent Extraction of Central Jordan El-Lajjun Oil Shale

Green Process for Simultaneous Extraction of Oil Shale and Enrichment of Ethanol

Use of high-resolution thermogravimetric analysis (HRTG) technique in spent FCC catalyst/Portland cement pastes

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