Thermal characterizations of multifunctional epoxy/anhydride systems used for pultruded composite ropes

Zhou, Zhengwei; Li, Aijun; Bai, Ruixiang; Sun, Jianfei

doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2906-1

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The T g s of the networks cured at 100°C were again higher than 100°C, but this is more a result of using the peak in the tan δ spectra to define T g . Despite the higher molecular weight between crosslinks, the postcured T g s compare well with related studies based upon TGDDM and cured with hardeners such as 44 DDS (T g = 254°C), hexahydrophthalic anhydride (T g = 161°C‐220°C), (T g = 237°C and T g = 233°C), and pyromellitic dianhydride (T g = 220°C) …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…It is immediately apparent that aromatic substitution again impacts the properties of the network, this time increasing para substitution systematically was found to reduce the thermal stability of the network. Here, the temperature at 10% mass loss (T 10% ) decreases from 329°C for the 133‐MTHPA to 313°C for the 144‐MTHPA, comparing well with other TGDDM/anhydride cured networks …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

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Effect of aromatic substitution on the cure reaction and network properties of anhydride cured triphenyl ether tetraglycidyl epoxy resins

Varley

Dao

Nguyen

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A systemic study of the impact of aromatic substitution on the reaction rate and network properties of the isomers of a tetraglycidylaniline triphenyl ether epoxy resin cured with anhydride hardeners is presented here. The epoxy resins synthesized in this work were based upon N,N,N,N‐tetraglycidyl bis(aminophenoxy)benzene (TGAPB), where the glycidyl aniline and ether groups change from being all meta (133 TGAPB), to meta and para (134 TGAPB), and finally to an all para substituted epoxy resin (144 TGAPB). Increasing para substitution increased reaction rate, promoted the onset of vitrification and increased epoxide conversion. Thermal properties such as glass transition temperatures (Tg) and coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) both increased consistently with increasing para substitution, although thermal stability as measured via thermogravimetric analysis decreased. Mechanical properties also varied systematically with flexural strength and ductility increasing with increased para substitution, while the modulus decreased. Indeed, the ductility almost doubled, as measured by the work of fracture and displacement at failure highlighting the importance of substitution on properties.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Effect of aromatic substitution on the cure reaction and network properties of anhydride cured triphenyl ether tetraglycidyl epoxy resins

Varley

Dao

Nguyen

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…On the basis of general correlation between resin structure and property, higher crosslink densities contribute effectively to improving such properties. Hence, the development of multifunctional (trifunctional or tetrafunctional) epoxides evolves as one of the most attractive strategy to achieve the requirement . Similar to other type of epoxy resins, multifunctional epoxides usually cure with appropriate dosage of cure agent to generate an optimized three‐dimensional network, which is crucial to the performances of the resultant material .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the development of multifunctional (trifunctional or tetrafunctional) epoxides evolves as one of the most attractive strategy to achieve the requirement . Similar to other type of epoxy resins, multifunctional epoxides usually cure with appropriate dosage of cure agent to generate an optimized three‐dimensional network, which is crucial to the performances of the resultant material . As a typical representative of multifunctional epoxides, TGDDM, namely, N,N,N′,N′‐tetraglycidyl‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane, has revealed superior performance as aerospace matrix for fiber‐reinforced composites since the 1970s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considerable attempts have been dedicated to the promotion of its modulus and glass‐transition temperatures ( T g ). Zhou et al displayed several multifunctional epoxy‐anhydride systems in terms of their glass transition temperatures and thermal stability. Jena et al blended tetrafunctional epoxy resin (TGDDM) with diallyl bisphenol A (DBA) and bismaleimide (BMI) for rigid riser applications with serving temperature more than 280°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel phthalazinone‐bearing tetrafunctional epoxy: Synthesis, characterization, and their toughening application for TGDDM system

Zhang

Zong

Bao

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A novel tetrafunctional epoxy (TEPZ) was synthesized by “one spot two steps” method, and the effects of solvents, reaction temperature, and mole ratios of reactants on the reaction conversion were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that the solvents participating in the reaction were the most crucial factor for high conversions. After curing, TEPZ/4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) system exhibited better thermal stability compared with famous N,N,N′,N′‐tetraglycidyl‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane (TGDDM)/DDS analog. When TEPZ is blended with TGDDM/DDS, the initial decomposition temperature of TGDDM/TEPZ/DDS hybrid elevated from 348°C to 362°C. The storage modulus and the glass transition temperature were sensitive to curing procedure and concentration of DDS. While the system consisted of 100 phr TGDDM, 30 phr TEPZ, and 40 phr DDS, the storage modulus and glass transition temperature increased significantly compared with those of TGDDM/DDS, and the impact strength increased by 31.6% simultaneously. Such enhancement could be ascribed to the structural feature of phthalazinone in TEPZ, which formed stable interpenetrating networks during thermal cure procedure.

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Cure kinetics and thermal stability of multifunctional epoxy/anhydride containing release agent and carbon fiber

Zhou

Bai

et al. 2013

Polymer Composites

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The investigations were carried out into the cure kinetics and thermal stability of multifunctional epoxy/anhydride/imidazole/release agent system (matrix) and carbon fiber reinforced matrix composite. Two experimental techniques were applied: dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at different heating rates, and non‐isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results were indicated that the two‐parameter model was found to describe the cure kinetics for the matrix and the composite. The kinetic parameters such as pre‐exponential factor, apparent activation energy, and reaction orders were calculated. And, the carbon fiber had a significant effect on the apparent activation energy and the thermal stability. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:596–601, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Thermal characterizations of multifunctional epoxy/anhydride systems used for pultruded composite ropes

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of aromatic substitution on the cure reaction and network properties of anhydride cured triphenyl ether tetraglycidyl epoxy resins

Effect of aromatic substitution on the cure reaction and network properties of anhydride cured triphenyl ether tetraglycidyl epoxy resins

Novel phthalazinone‐bearing tetrafunctional epoxy: Synthesis, characterization, and their toughening application for TGDDM system

Cure kinetics and thermal stability of multifunctional epoxy/anhydride containing release agent and carbon fiber

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