Thermal Comfort Maps to estimate the impact of urban greening on the outdoor human comfort

Coccolo, Silvia; Pearlmutter, David; Kaempf, Jérôme; Scartezzini, Jean-Louis

doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2018.08.007

Cited by 60 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Lots of studies also noted that green spaces can mitigate the heat island effect and benefit human health [57], and the socio-economic improvement effect is more significant around large green urban parks [58]. We have not found a significant influence of green spaces on heat vulnerability in this study, since there are few dense tree classes or scattered tree classes, and most of those areas are difficult to reach due to the large fluctuations of terrain.…”

Section: Reducing the Heat Vulnerability By Water Bodies And Green Spcontrasting

confidence: 52%

Assessing the Heat Vulnerability of Different Local Climate Zones in the Old Areas of a Chinese Megacity

et al. 2019

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Frequent and extreme heat waves have strongly influenced the sustainable development of cities and resulted in a higher level of mortality in residents. Using the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification scheme, combined with the factors of land surface temperature (LST), building age (BA), and housing price (HP), and the normalized values of which represent heat exposure, sensitivity, and adaptability, respectively, this paper investigates a practical method for assessing the heat vulnerability of different LCZ classes in the old areas of a Chinese megacity, taking the Yuzhong district of Chongqing city as a case study. The results reveal that the distribution of LCZ classes in this study area exhibits a typical circle-layer distribution pattern from the city center to the suburbs. Heavy industry areas are the most vulnerable, with the highest exposure to heat waves, the oldest building age and the lowest housing price. Compact class areas (compact high-rise, compact mid-rise and compact low-rise) are usually more vulnerable than open class areas (open high-rise, open mid-rise, and open low-rise) and low-rise buildings are always more susceptible to heat waves than mid-rise and high-rise buildings. The methods and findings can help us to better understand the comprehensive and space-time action rules of heat vulnerability, thereby inspiring scientific and rational urban planning strategies to mitigate or adapt to urban heat weaves towards the sustainable development of cities and society.2 of 15 an extreme heat wave caused more than 70,000 deaths in Europe [13], and the extreme heat waves in the United States from 1999 to 2010 resulted in 7415 deaths, more than the total number of deaths from typhoons, floods, earthquakes and other disasters during the same period [14].Therefore, it is urgent to assess the vulnerability of areas subject to urban heat waves and provide corresponding mitigation or adaptation strategies based on it. This has become a hot topic in the study of healthy cities. Heat vulnerability refers to the degree of vulnerability or inability of urban residents to cope with the adverse effects of heat waves, and it is typically composed of three types of indicators: exposure, sensitivity and adaptability [15,16]. In this context, "exposure" refers to the proximity of the location of a group or individual to the hazards of heat waves, which reflect the characteristics, intensity and frequency of the heat waves suffered by urban residents [17]. The most widely used indicators for evaluating heat exposure include the urban thermal environment (e.g., air temperature, land surface temperature and urban heat island intensity) [18,19] and urban spatial parameters (e.g., sky view factor and impervious surface fraction) [20]. In this context, "sensitivity" refers to the degree to which urban residents change their physiological structure in the face of the external interference of extreme heat waves. Widely used evaluation indicators include the proportion of vulnerable groups, such as the elderly, infants ...

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Section: Reducing the Heat Vulnerability By Water Bodies And Green Spcontrasting

confidence: 52%

Assessing the Heat Vulnerability of Different Local Climate Zones in the Old Areas of a Chinese Megacity

et al. 2019

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“…The relationship between urban greening and outdoor thermal comfort has been the subject of many modelling studies (e.g., [12,27,28]). At the same time, new urban modelling tools have been developed that focus on the introduction of green in urban design [29,30]. Most of these studies have been performed with high resolution models (e.g., ENVI-met) that can only perform simulations for limited areas in a city and for limited time periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method to Assess Fine-Scale Outdoor Thermal Comfort for Urban Agglomerations

Lauwaet

Maiheu

Ridder

et al. 2020

Climate

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In urban areas, high air temperatures and heat stress levels greatly affect human thermal comfort and public health, with climate change further increasing the mortality risks. This study presents a high resolution (100 m) modelling method, including detailed offline radiation calculations, that is able to efficiently calculate outdoor heat stress for entire urban agglomerations for a time period spanning several months. A dedicated measurement campaign was set up to evaluate model performance, yielding satisfactory results. As an example, the modelling tool was used to assess the effectiveness of green areas and water surfaces to cool air temperatures and wet bulb globe temperatures during a typical hot day in the city of Ghent (Belgium), since the use of vegetation and water bodies are shown to be promising in mitigating the adverse effects of urban heat islands and improving thermal comfort. The results show that air temperature reduction is most profound over water surfaces during the afternoon, while open rural areas are coolest during the night. Radiation shading from trees, and to a lesser extent, from buildings, is found to be most effective in reducing wet bulb globe temperatures and improving thermal comfort during the warmest moments of the day.

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“…Findings of empirical investigations have indicated that the presence of natural areas and green infrastructures in cities has the potential to fend off the adverse challenges on vulnerable urban environments and positively affects the life quality of inhabitants [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Consequently, investigations on people's comfort perception related to urban nature and green infrastructure grows steadily [12][13][14][15]. It is well documented that exposure in green space is associated with numerous health benefits [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Quality of Urban Wetland Parks: A Second-Order Factor Structure Equation Modeling

Pan

You

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Wetland in the urban or peri-urban areas has been recognized as an important component of urban ecosystems and provides ecological and environmental services. Wetland park emerged as a kind of restoration of natural wetlands in the context of increasing pressure on land and eco-environment caused by urban sprawl, which has played an essential role in providing recreational spaces/opportunities and improving social interactions. However, little research has been conducted on the theoretical formulation elaborating individuals’ perceived quality of wetland parks when people are engaging in activities therein. This study is an attempt to develop a method to measure the quality of wetland parks based on individuals’ various perceptions and attitudes. From the view of human-nature interaction, the perceived quality is hypothetically conceptualized as a composite of two dimensions, such as comfort perception and environmental satisfaction. A series of questionnaire-based surveys were conducted among respondents (N = 936) in Yanghu wetland park in Changsha, China. Based on the measured items from on-site surveys, second-order factor structural equation modeling is applied to estimate the hypothesis of a hierarchical structure for elaborating how the quality of wetland park is perceived by individual respondents. The results test the hypothesis that the quality of wetland park as a second-order theoretical construct can be conceptualized by two first-order theoretical constructs, individuals’ comfort (loading = 0.749), and environmental satisfaction (loading = 0.828). In addition, a significant influence of attitudes toward green space on the perceived quality of wetland park has been identified.

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Thermal Comfort Maps to estimate the impact of urban greening on the outdoor human comfort

Cited by 60 publications

References 61 publications

Assessing the Heat Vulnerability of Different Local Climate Zones in the Old Areas of a Chinese Megacity

Assessing the Heat Vulnerability of Different Local Climate Zones in the Old Areas of a Chinese Megacity

A New Method to Assess Fine-Scale Outdoor Thermal Comfort for Urban Agglomerations

Perceived Quality of Urban Wetland Parks: A Second-Order Factor Structure Equation Modeling

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