Thermal conductivity and viscosity of Al ₂ O ₃ ‐ZnO‐MWCNT‐EG ternary nanofluid

Abstract

Summary Hybrid nanofluids exhibit enhanced thermal properties compared to their base fluid which makes them more suitable as heat transfer fluids for various applications including solar thermal energy conversion. In the present study, ethylene glycol‐based ternary nanofluid composed of Al2O3, ZnO and multiwall carbon nanotube nanoparticles is synthesized and analyzed for its thermophysical properties such as viscosity and thermal conductivity for different volume concentrations. Thermal conductivity was determined for a temperature range of 25 to 40°C and viscosity was measured for a temperature range of 40 to 70°C. When the volume concentration of nanoparticles for ternary nanofluid was increased from 0.01% to 0.05%, an enhancement in thermal conductivity along with a reduction in viscosity was observed. For a maximum volume concentration of 0.05%, the thermal conductivity was enhanced by 26.6% and 11.2% at a temperature of 25 and 40°C, respectively. Percentage reduction in viscosity was observed at 19.46% and 13.86% for 40 and 70°C, respectively for the volume concentration. Thus, the study suggests that the ternary nanofluid can be used as heat transfer fluid for medium‐temperature heating and cooling applications.

Nanofluids Minimal Quantity Lubrication Machining: From Mechanisms to Application

“…There is a non-linear positive correlation between temperature and thermal conductivity, and the strengthening trend gradually weakens. Mohanan et al [136] measured the thermal conductivity of Al 2 O 3 -EG by the transient hot wire method at a temperature of 25 • C and 40 • C, and the experimental results obtained are consistent with the above conclusions. Suganthi et al [137] studied the variation in the thermal conductivity of ZnO nanofluids with temperature under high-temperature conditions, and the results showed that the thermal conductivity decreased with increasing temperature.…”

“…Similarly, lyahraja et al [157] observed a comparable outcome when investigating Ag nanofluids, revealing a non-linear negative correlation between temperature and viscosity. Bindu et al [136] examined viscosity changes in a ternary nanofluid composed of "Al 2 O 3 -ZnO-MWCNT-EG". The experimental data indicated that the viscosity index at 70 • C was only approximately half of that at 40 • C, highlighting a substantial downward trend.…”

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“…[39]. In a study by Bindu et al, comparing different nanofluids [40], it was found that using carbon nanotubes (CNT) nanofluid with low viscosity resulted in higher system efficiency compared to using base fluid or Ag-MgO nanofluid with higher viscosity. Therefore, low viscosity nanofluids are preferable for photovoltaic thermal systems as they enhance system efficiency and reduce pressure drop.…”

Aspects of Non-unique Solutions for Hiemenz Flow Filled with Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid over a Stretching/Shrinking Sheet

“…The need for enhanced thermal conductivity and heat transmission has driven the development of ternary hybrid nanofluids, known as stable mixtures of three distinct varieties of nanoparticles in a base fluid, offering enhanced properties compared to single and hybrid nanofluids. This new extended nanofluid can help optimize heat transmission in various engineering and industrial settings [21]. Ramadhan et al [22] dispersed Al 2 O 3 (alumina), TiO 2 (titania), and SiO 2 (silica) in ethylene glycol to create a ternary hybrid nanofluid.…”