In this paper, we study the effects of the interparticle interaction range on heat flow. We show that, by increasing the interaction range, we may amplify the thermal conductivity and even change the regime of heat transport. More importantly, considering a crucial problem of phononics, namely, the search of a suitable thermal diode, we investigate the range effects in some graded systems in which thermal rectification is a ubiquitous phenomenon. In such graded models, we show that long range interactions may significatively increase the rectification power and may avoid its decay with the system size, thus solving relevant problems of the usual proposals of rectifiers. Our results indicate that graded materials are genuine candidates for the actual fabrication of thermal diodes. The invention of transistor used to control the electric charge flow has led to the incredible development of modern electronics. Now we observe the progress of phononics [1], the counterpart of electronics dedicated to the manipulation and control of heat current. However, a very promising advance is still dependent on the development of one of its basic component: a realizable thermal diode with a significative rectification. A thermal diode, or rectifier, is a device in which heat flows preferably in one direction, i.e., the magnitude of the heat current changes if we invert the device between two thermal baths.A model of thermal rectifier has been proposed some time ago [2], and since then, thermal rectification has been intensively investigated [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], including experimental realizations [6]. Unfortunately, the most recurrent proposals of thermal diode, which are based on the sequential coupling of two or three segments with different anharmonic potentials, are difficult to be experimentally implemented and their rectification power typically decays to zero when we increase the system size [4]. For these reasons, more and more efforts have been devoted to the investigation of rectification in different models [5][6][7][8]: for example, in graded systems (in which rectification is a ubiquitous phenomenon [9, 10]), in carbon nano-structures, in systems composed of crystal and amorphous polymer, etc. Graded materials are inhomogeneous systems whose composition and/or structure change gradually in space. It is worth to stress that such materials are abundant in nature, can also be manufactured, and have attracted great interest in many areas [11], with works devoted to the study of their electric, optical, mechanical and heat conduction properties.In the search for mechanisms which may increase the rectification power, and/or avoid its rapid decay with the system size, the present work is devoted to a basic, but somehow neglected problem: the effects of the interpar- * Electronic address: emmanuel@fisica.ufmg.br; rravila@fisica.ufmg.br ticle interaction range on the heat flow properties. Given the enormous mathematical difficulty of the usual models considered in the study of heat conduction in solids, models which a...