Thermal conductivity of sea ice; dependence on temperature and depth

Trodahl, H. J.; Wilkinson, S. O. F.; McGuinness, Mark; Haskell, T. G.

doi:10.1029/2000gl012088

Cited by 29 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…We use a graphical finite difference scheme, which we have previously applied to sea ice measurements [ McGuinness et al , 1998; Trodahl et al , 2000, 2001], that does not require harmonic forcing and is insensitive to interthermistor calibration offsets. As for the other finite difference methods discussed in the preceding paragraph, we make the assumption of locally constant thermal properties for the space between adjacent thermistors.…”

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depth and seasonal variations in the thermal properties of Antarctic Dry Valley permafrost from temperature time series analysis

et al. 2003

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[1] We present the first dedicated study of the thermal properties of perennially frozen, ice-cemented, subsurface Dry Valley permafrost. From time series analysis of 14 months' temperature measurements, we resolve depth and seasonal variations in the thermal properties at two nearby sites at Table Mountain with different origin, composition, and polygonal ground patterning. We determine apparent thermal diffusivity (ATD) profiles directly from thermistor array measurements at 13.5-cm-depth intervals and 4-hour time intervals in the top 2 m. We treat the system as purely conductive year round due to the cold temperatures and compare the performance of several common analysis schemes with a graphical finite difference method that we present in detail. This comparison is facilitated by one site showing strong depth variations including an abrupt twofold increase in ATD across a sharp compositional boundary. We characterize the composition of the inhomogeneous ground from recovered cores and estimate an ice-fractiondependent heat capacity in the range C = 1.7 ± 0.1 to 1.8 ± 0.1 MJ m À3°CÀ1 . We calculate apparent thermal conductivity profiles that correlate very well with the core compositions. The conductivity generally lies in the range 2.5 ± 0.5 W m À1°CÀ1 but is as high as 4.1 ± 0.4 W m À1°CÀ1 for a quartose Sirius sandstone unit at one site. The seasonal variation in the ATD is consistent with its expected temperature dependence.

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Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermistor arrays are adapted from units custom‐built for measuring heat flow in first‐year sea ice [ McGuinness et al , 1998; Trodahl et al , 2000, 2001]. The body of the array is a 2‐m‐long, 0.25‐inch (6.35 mm) diameter, thin‐walled (0.2 mm) stainless steel tube.…”

Section: Instrumentation and Temperature Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth and seasonal variations in the thermal properties of Antarctic Dry Valley permafrost from temperature time series analysis

et al. 2003

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“…k is generally assumed to be ~2 W m −1 K −1 for sea ice. Some research has suggested that the value may be as low as 1 W m −1 K −1 in the top 0.5 m of ice and potentially approaching 3 W m −1 K −1 near the bottom (Trodahl et al 2001), though the near-surface reduction has been suggested to be an artifact by later studies (Pringle et al 2006). Observed densities in the abovefreeboard part of ice cores are less than the lower portion of the cores, consistent with lower k near the surface; the near-bottom increase is thought due to brine conduction.…”

Section: Observed Impacts On Sea-ice Temperature and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking atmospheric synoptic transport, cloud phase, surface energy fluxes, and sea-ice growth: observations of midwinter SHEBA conditions

et al. 2016

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, and produces a thermal wave penetrating into the sea ice. About 20-33 % of the observed variations of bottom ice growth can be directly linked to variations in surface conductive heat flux, with retarded ice growth occurring several days after these moisture plumes reduce the surface conductive heat flux. This sequence of events modulate pack-ice wintertime environmental conditions and total ice growth, and has implications for the annual sea-ice evolution, especially for the current conditions of extensive thinner ice.

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“…Sea ice is a semi-solid matrix of nearly pure ice crystals that incorporates bubbles of gas and brine inclusions in the form of pockets, tubes or as a network of brine channels (e.g., Weeks and Ackley 1986;Trodahl et al 2001). This labyrinth of brine inclusions constitutes the habitat of sympagic (sea-ice associated) organisms (including DMSP and DMSO producers), which live embedded in the viscous gel phase of the exopolymeric substances (EPS) produced by diatoms (Krembs et al 2002a).…”

Section: Effects On Sympagic Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A robust approach for the determination of dimethylsulfoxide in sea ice

Brabant

Amri

Tison

2011

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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The melting of sea ice samples is acknowledged to be deleterious to sympagic microorganisms due to the hypo-osmotic shock undergone by the organism when released from high salinity brine inclusions into the sample melt. Because melting of sea ice samples was also anticipated to modify the initial proportions of dimethylsulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), three sample treatments were tested on an Antarctic sea ice sample, with the aim of identifying an efficient procedure that could routinely be applied for the determination of DMSO in sea ice. Herein, it was demonstrated that purging the melted sample before the determination of DMSO in the sample via an enzyme-linked method produced reliable DMSO results (215.8 ± 8.9 nmol L -1 , precision 4.1%). However, analysis revealed that the unintentional enzymatic cleavage of DMSP through the subsequent production of interfering DMS during melting caused an overestimation of the DMSO content in the sample by more than 59% and concurrently an underestimation of the DMSP content by approximately 9%. The sequential determination of DMSP after the DMSO determination by the enzyme-linked method was shown to be problematic. To circumvent all of these issues, we recommend an analytical procedure for the sequential determination of DMS, DMSP, and DMSO in sea ice. Ultimately, the first depth profile of DMSO at high resolution in sea ice was produced. The depth-integrated DMSO concentration in sea ice was determined to be 718 µmol m -2 , which indicated that Antarctic sea ice is a potentially important source of DMSO for the Southern Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods 9, 2011Methods 9, , 261-274 © 2011, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc. LIMNOLOGY and OCEANOGRAPHY: METHODSthe subsequent gas phase analysis of the produced DMS via a gas chromatography procedure. Depending on the reduction method used, interference with DMSP in the sample may occur, leading to an overestimation of DMSO content (reviewed by Simó 1998).Elimination of DMSP prior to DMSO analysis (Simó et al. 1996;Simó et al. 1998) or the use of a specific reducing agent, such as DMSO reductase (DMSOr) (Hatton et al. 1994), can prevent this bias. The main motivation of studying DMSO in sea ice is that DMSO can be produced in high concentrations by ice algae, because of the potential role of DMSO in osmoregulation and cryoprotection (Lee et al. 2001). A good correlation between intracellular levels of DMSO (particulate DMSO or DMSOp) and DMSP (particulate DMSP or DMSPp) has been shown in data collected in various marine biomes and during different seasons. The data suggest that both compounds have a common origin in phytoplankton and that DMSP may be the precursor of DMSO (Simó and Vila-Costa 2006; Hatton and Wilson 2007). If the same correlation applies to sea ice, high levels of DMSO are expected to be found in sea ice because high levels of DMSP (up to three orders of magnitude higher than background sub-nanomolar values in seawater) are co...

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Thermal conductivity of sea ice; dependence on temperature and depth

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Depth and seasonal variations in the thermal properties of Antarctic Dry Valley permafrost from temperature time series analysis

Depth and seasonal variations in the thermal properties of Antarctic Dry Valley permafrost from temperature time series analysis

Linking atmospheric synoptic transport, cloud phase, surface energy fluxes, and sea-ice growth: observations of midwinter SHEBA conditions

A robust approach for the determination of dimethylsulfoxide in sea ice

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