Thermal conductivity of stabilized PEG 400 based nanofluids: An experimental approach

Heat Transfer Analysis of Nanocolloids Based on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Dispersed in PEG 400

“…The considered new fluid is zinc oxide nanoparticles dispersed in PEG 400 (base fluid) as a pioneer new fluid (i.e., instead of ethylene glycol) in air conditioning and refrigeration applications. The new fluid is tested experimentally (see [ 29 , 30 ] for a full description in terms of thermophysical properties) with thermophysical properties as given below. …”

“…Equations (1)–(3) are experimentally correlated based on the outcomes already available in the literature [ 29 , 30 ]. As a short description, the chemicals are acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and Propylene glycol PEG 400 (Kollisolv ® PEG E 400, CAS number 25322-68-3) and ZnO (CAS number 1314-13-2).…”

“…The isobaric heat capacity (cp) is measured with the help of a Mettler Toledo differential scanning calorimeter, DSC 1, (Mettler Toledo, Columbus, OH, USA). All the experimental results were carefully discussed and compared with state-of-the-art, proving their validity (see [ 29 , 30 ] for the full explanations and comments). As an outline of the experimental outcomes [ 29 , 30 ], it was found that PEG 400 thermal conductivity remains constant if the temperature rises, while the addition of ZnO nanoparticles increases by 11% the thermal conductivity at ambient temperature and keeps constant the heating behavior of suspensions.…”

“…All the experimental results were carefully discussed and compared with state-of-the-art, proving their validity (see [ 29 , 30 ] for the full explanations and comments). As an outline of the experimental outcomes [ 29 , 30 ], it was found that PEG 400 thermal conductivity remains constant if the temperature rises, while the addition of ZnO nanoparticles increases by 11% the thermal conductivity at ambient temperature and keeps constant the heating behavior of suspensions. In regard to the viscosity, its upsurge is sensible, being up to 13.27% for the highest concentrated suspension, while every nanofluid viscosity decreases by 10% at heating.…”

“…Therefore, in this study, a numerical approach is considered, having as the starting point several experimental studies on PEG 400—ZnO fluid thermophysical properties. This approach is as accurate as possible, considering that the new fluid is implemented as a single-phase one with experimentally determined characteristics (see [ 29 , 30 ]), as is highly recommended in the current literature (see Nanoround benchmark study [ 31 ]).…”