Thermal Cracking of Petroleum

Speight, James G.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0111-2_2

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It took about 1–2 min from the temperature of 350 °C to the reaction control temperature of 430–490 °C. However, the heavy oil begins to crack at 350 °C . Therefore, the influence of the non-isothermal reaction at heating and cooling stages on reaction results cannot be ignored.…”

Section: Kinetic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetic Model for the Deep-Severity Thermal Reaction in the Coke Drum of Delayed Coking

Yang

Shen

et al. 2017

Energy Fuels

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The coke drum is the main reactor of the delayed coking process, in which the deep-severity thermal reaction of heavy oil takes place. To simulate the product distribution in this reactor, a kinetic model for the deep-severity thermal reaction was developed on the basis of the experimental data of a vacuum residuum in a microbatch reactor at 430–490 °C. The model-predicted results agree well with the experimental values. The ratio of the cracking gas/light distillate rate constant increases with the reaction temperature. Both the primary condensation/cracking rate constant and the secondary condensation/cracking rate constant increase with the reaction temperature. It means that the lower reaction temperature is advantageous to increase the distillate yield at the same reaction severity. Furthermore, a practical transformation method was presented to improve the suitability of this model. The comparison results indicated that this transformation method is available for the kinetic model in this research. Moreover, it can also be used for other lumping models similarly.

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Section: Kinetic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the heavy oil begins to crack at 350 °C. 28 Therefore, the influence of the non-isothermal reaction at heating and cooling stages on reaction results cannot be ignored. Therefore, an equivalent reaction temperature (ERT) was used to equivalently transfer the actual non-isothermal reaction into the isothermal reaction.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Model for the Deep-Severity Thermal Reaction in the Coke Drum of Delayed Coking

Yang

Shen

et al. 2017

Energy Fuels

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“…This is accomplished by breaking the weak bonds thermally, resulting in predominantly lower-boiling-point products and solid petroleum coke. In thermal cracking, the severity of process conditions is decisive on the conversion level and the properties of the products . VR is composed of hydrocarbons with carbon numbers ranging from 40 to over 120 and is an extremely complex mixture containing a wide variety of compounds such as paraffins, naphthenes, aromatics, and polar compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In thermal cracking, the severity of process conditions is decisive on the conversion level and the properties of the products . VR is composed of hydrocarbons with carbon numbers ranging from 40 to over 120 and is an extremely complex mixture containing a wide variety of compounds such as paraffins, naphthenes, aromatics, and polar compounds. VR polar aromatics typically contain thiophene, pyrrole, pyridine, and furane cores with long alkyl chains .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of Alkanes: A Computational Approach

Baş

Karahan²,

Köstereli³

et al. 2020

J. Phys. Chem. A

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In this study, we investigate the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of thermal cracking reactions of short paraffin chains by density functional theory (DFT) methods. The thermal cracking reactions have been modeled for a series of shorter unbranched alkanes at 673 K by following a free-radical mechanism. Benchmark calculations have been carried out with different functionals (B3LYP, M06-2X, PBE0, BMK, B3PW91) and basis sets (6-31G(d,p), 6-311+G(d,p)) to determine the most suitable DFT method, and the results were compared to the available experimental data. Computations were also performed at the CBS-QB3 level to evaluate the accuracy of the DFT method. The thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the initiation, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), and decomposition (β-scission) reactions are intensely discussed to better understand the trends in product distributions at high temperatures. Evans−Polanyi (EP) relations have been used to build a linear relationship between the enthalpy of reactions and their activation energies; this process may be useful for the determination of the kinetic parameters of longer paraffin chains as well. Finally, the preexponential factors of short-chain paraffin have been calculated and classified based on the identity of the radicalic products. The latter, together with the activation energies derived from the EP relations can be used safely for the prediction of the rate constants for long paraffin chains.

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“…Because the crude oil tends to be more inferior and heavier, the coking problem in heavy oil processing becomes an important bottleneck restricting the running period, energy consumption, and operation safety of the petroleum refining unit. − Especially for the inferior heavy oil, the coking tendency is the key factor determining its processing difficulty and processing route. , Fire heaters, heat exchangers, and other refinery units have been taken out of service for coke removal, resulting in a significant loss of output and benefit. The coking of heavy oil is essentially a series of condensation reactions . First, the asphaltene in heavy oil undergoes a low condensation reaction to form the coking precursor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Visual Test Method for the Toluene Insolubles in Oil Products

et al. 2019

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Toluene insolubles (TI) are recognized as coking precursors produced at the initial stage of a thermal reaction. The traditional methods can only give the overall yield of TI; however, more detailed information, such as the size distribution and the shape parameters of TI, cannot be provided. In the present work, a new visual test method for the TI in oil products was developed based on the digital microscopic image processing technology and the statistical method. This method can give the overall yields of TI and provide the particle size distribution and the shape parameters. The optimized test conditions were determined by investigating the influencing factors. The calibration results of this method showed that the relative error of volume concentration is 5% and the overall error of particle size distribution is less than 5%. Moreover, the detectable concentration of this method is much lower than that of the traditional methods.

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Thermal Cracking of Petroleum

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Kinetic Model for the Deep-Severity Thermal Reaction in the Coke Drum of Delayed Coking

Kinetic Model for the Deep-Severity Thermal Reaction in the Coke Drum of Delayed Coking

Pyrolysis of Alkanes: A Computational Approach

New Visual Test Method for the Toluene Insolubles in Oil Products

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