Thermal cycling of AlTiN- and AlTiON-coated hot work tool steels at elevated temperatures

Birol, Yücel; İsler, Duygu

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2011.02.076

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Among the potential candidates to be used as solar absorber layers in high temperature applications, Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) deposited coatings (in particular Al y Ti 1-y (O x N 1-x ) based coatings) have been considered in the literature [9][10][11][12][13][14] due to their proven excellent oxidation resistance and thermal stability e.g. for high temperature machining applications [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In [14] Du et al reported thermal stability in air up to 400°C for 192 h of an Al/Ti .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of high-temperature solar-selective coatings based on aluminium titanium oxynitrides AlyTi1-y(OxN1-x). Part 2: Experimental validation and durability tests at high temperature

Galindo

Guillén

Heras

et al. 2018

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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The durability of two solar-selective aluminium titanium oxynitride multilayer coatings was studied under conditions simulating realistic operation of central receiver power plants. The coatings were deposited by cathodic vacuum arc applying an optimized design concept for complete solar-selective coating (SSC) stacks. Compositional, structural and optical characterization of initial and final stacks was performed by scanning electron microscopy, elastic recoil detection, UV-Vis-NIR-IR spectrophotometry and X-Ray diffraction. The design concept of the solar selective coatings was validated by an excellent agreement between simulated and initial experimental stacking order, composition and optical properties.Both SSC stacks were stable in single stage tests of 12 h at 650°C. At 800°C, they underwent a structural transformation by full oxidation and they lost their solar selectivity. During cyclic durability tests, multilayer 1, comprised of TiN, Al .64 Ti .36 N and an Al 1.37 Ti .54 O top layer, fulfilled the performance criterion (PC) ≤ 5% for 300 symmetric, 3 h long cycles at 600°C in air. Multilayer 2, which was constituted of four Al y Ti 1-y (O x N 1-x ) layers, met the performance criterion for 250 cycles (750 h), but was more sensitive to these harsh conditions. With regard to the degradation mechanisms, the coarser microstructure of multilayer 1 is more resistant against oxidation than multilayer 2 with its graded oxygen content. These results confirm that the designed SSCs based on Al y Ti 1-y (O x N 1-x ) materials withstand breakdown at 600°C in air. Therefore, they can be an exciting candidate material for concentrated solar power applications at high temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of high-temperature solar-selective coatings based on aluminium titanium oxynitrides AlyTi1-y(OxN1-x). Part 2: Experimental validation and durability tests at high temperature

Galindo

Guillén

Heras

et al. 2018

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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“…Improving tool service life has thus been a priority in the metalworking industry. Surface engineering methods [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] such as plasma nitriding have been popular. Plasma-nitriding [15] offers shorter treatment times, lower temperatures than traditional salt-bath-and gas-nitriding at a competitive cost for a wide range of steel grades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Isothermal and Cyclic Oxidation of Plasma-Nitrided Hot-Work Tool Steel at Elevated Temperatures

Birol

2011

Oxid Met

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The oxidation of a plasma-nitrided, hot-work tool steel at temperatures that cover a range of operations from post-plasma-nitriding oxidation to steel thixoforging processing was investigated. Thermal exposure at 500°C led to the formation of a thin Fe-Cr spinel layer and an even thinner outermost layer of hematite. The former is the only oxide that grew on samples exposed to oxygen-lean conditions at 750°C. A thick, multi-layered oxide scale formed on the surface when the plasma nitrided hot-work tool steel was held at 750°C under atmospheric conditions. In this scale, the outermost hematite layer and the inner Fe-Cr spinel were separated by a magnetite layer. The oxide scale produced during thermal cycling at 750°C was also multi-layered with an identical oxide scale configuration to that formed during isothermal exposure at 750°C. The hematite layer, which retained its integrity during isothermal exposure at 750°C, suffered small cracks that were instrumental in its fracture and spallation during thermal cycling. The distinct feature resulting from cyclic oxidation, however, was the wide gap that formed along the magnetite-spinel interface. Thermal expansion mismatch produced compressive stresses which in turn led to buckling of the magnetite layer and to its detachment; while, the spinel layer adhered to the tool steel substrate and survived throughout thermal cycling. Enrichment of nitrogen and the subsequent precipitation of N 2 gas were also believed to have contributed to the gap formation. Formation of such a gap poses a serious threat to the integrity of the oxide scale and was shown to be responsible for the spallation of the magnetite layer upon thermal cycling.

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“…In addition, the risk of microcracks generation and propagation due to thermal fatigue is reduced as well. Coatings' significant influence on lowering the die temperature during the forging process was also confirmed in the following works by Yucel Birol and Duygu Isler [64][65][66]. Bearing in mind the enumerated and expected properties of the PVD coatings, the coating recommendable for the increase of forging dies durability are: CrN [56] (λ CrN ≈ 12 W/mK), Si 3 N 4 (λ Si3N4 ≈ 10 W/mK), TiB 2 (λ TB2 ≈ 20 W/mK: λ-thermal conductivity coefficient) as well as multi-layer coatings and multi-component coatings with their participation.…”

Section: Pvd Coatingmentioning

confidence: 54%

Hard Protective Layers on Forging Dies—Development and Applications

Smolik

2021

Coatings

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The article presents a summary of many years of activities in the area of increasing the durability of forging dies. The results of comprehensive research work on the analysis of the destructive mechanisms of forging dies and the possibility of increasing their durability with the use of modern surface engineering methods are presented. Great possibilities in terms of shaping operational properties of forging dies by producing hybrid layers of the “Nitrided Layer + PVD Coating” (NL + PVD coating) type were confirmed. An analysis of changes in forging dies durability under various operating conditions was performed, i.e., forging—die—forging press—pressures. It has been shown that the variety of parameters of the forging process, including forgings’ geometry and weight, materials, precision, pressures applied, and, what is very important, quality of machines, makes it very difficult to compare the effectiveness of various PVD coating solutions in the process of increasing the durability of forging dies. Hybrid layers of the “NL + PVD coating” type create great possibilities in shaping the operational properties of tools and machine elements. However, in each application a precise diagnosis of the wear mechanism and the design of an individual PVD coating material solution is required.

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Thermal cycling of AlTiN- and AlTiON-coated hot work tool steels at elevated temperatures

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Design of high-temperature solar-selective coatings based on aluminium titanium oxynitrides AlyTi1-y(OxN1-x). Part 2: Experimental validation and durability tests at high temperature

Design of high-temperature solar-selective coatings based on aluminium titanium oxynitrides AlyTi1-y(OxN1-x). Part 2: Experimental validation and durability tests at high temperature

Investigation of Isothermal and Cyclic Oxidation of Plasma-Nitrided Hot-Work Tool Steel at Elevated Temperatures

Hard Protective Layers on Forging Dies—Development and Applications

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