Thermal damage suppression of a black phosphorus saturable absorber for high-power operation of pulsed fiber lasers

Lee, Dong-Hyun; Park, Kichul; Debnath, Pulak Chandra; Kim, Inho; Song, Yong‐Won

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/27/36/365203

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Cui et al demonstrated MoS 2 mode‐locked fiber lasers under all‐anomalous, near‐zero, and all‐normal cavity dispersion around 1600 nm. By using a black phosphorus‐cladded, side‐polished fiber as saturable absorber to suppress the thermal damage, Lee et al reported a maximum average output power of 214 mW, with 56 nJ output pulse energy at 1556 nm. For reference, Figure d–f show the representative morphologies of WS2, graphene, and MoS 2 in typical integration configurations, respectively.…”

Section: State Of the Art Of 2d Materials Optical Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2017

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Owing to their atomic layer thickness, strong light-material interaction, high nonlinearity, broadband optical response, fast relaxation, controllable optoelectronic properties, and high compatibility with other photonic structures, 2D materials, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus, have been attracting increasing attention for photonic applications. By tuning the carrier density via electrical or optical means that modifies their physical properties (e.g., Fermi level or nonlinear absorption), optical response of the 2D materials can be instantly changed, making them versatile nanostructures for optical modulation. Here, up-to-date 2D material-based optical modulation in three categories is reviewed: free-space, fiber-based, and on-chip configurations. By analysing cons and pros of different modulation approaches from material and mechanism aspects, the challenges faced by using these materials for device applications are presented. In addition, thermal effects (e.g., laser induced damage) in 2D materials, which are critical to practical applications, are also discussed. Finally, the outlook for future opportunities of these 2D materials for optical modulation is given.

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Section: State Of the Art Of 2d Materials Optical Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2017

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“…The main obstacle to realize high power lasers using these strong absorbing SAs including BP and other 2D materials are the low thermal damage threshold due to heating by the laser. Lee et al developed a new strategy for the integration of SA into the laser system by coating the SA materials (BP) onto a side‐polished fiber, in which the saturable absorption occurs via the evanescent interaction ( Figure ). This laser is based on an Er‐doped fiber, generating a 805 fs pulse with repetition rate of 3.82 MHz.…”

Section: Pulse Laser Generation Enabled By Sas Based On Ld Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The black and the red curves are the experimental and fitting results, respectively. c) The stability of the laser tested by monitoring the spectral width and repetition rate in a timespan of 180 h. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2016, IOP Publishing.…”

Section: Pulse Laser Generation Enabled By Sas Based On Ld Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since heat accumulation due to non‐saturable loss is unavoidable for the SAs, LD materials with the best thermal and chemical robustness are therefore suggested for making SAs. Unfortunately, the thermal stability as well as oxidation resistance of chalcogenide compounds as well as BP have strongly limited the maximum output power and plagued the long term stability of developed laser systems . Therefore in the third guideline, we suggest, based on our experimental results, the selection of SA materials by referring on the following stability sequence: oxide plasmonic NCs > graphene, 2D metal sulfide TMDs > BP and other metal compounds (selenide, telluride, etc.).…”

Section: Pulse Laser Generation Enabled By Sas Based On Ld Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While SA makes use of the optical loss of the materials manifested by the imagery part of the complex susceptibility, materials with the high real part of the susceptibility, the nonlinear refractive index, can be explored for all‐optical control and a number of photonic applications. Historically, materials with high χ (3) , such as metal NPs and semiconductor QDs, have been used for the demonstration of ultrafast optical switch in the visible and NIR region …”

Section: Other Nonlinear Optical Devices Based On Ld Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging Low‐Dimensional Materials for Nonlinear Optics and Ultrafast Photonics

2017

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Low-dimensional (LD) materials demonstrate intriguing optical properties, which lead to applications in diverse fields, such as photonics, biomedicine and energy. Due to modulation of electronic structure by the reduced structural dimensionality, LD versions of metal, semiconductor and topological insulators (TIs) at the same time bear distinct nonlinear optical (NLO) properties as compared with their bulk counterparts. Their interaction with short pulse laser excitation exhibits a strong nonlinear character manifested by NLO absorption, giving rise to optical limiting or saturated absorption associated with excited state absorption and Pauli blocking in different materials. In particular, the saturable absorption of these emerging LD materials including two-dimensional semiconductors as well as colloidal TI nanoparticles has recently been utilized for Q-switching and mode-locking ultra-short pulse generation across the visible, near infrared and middle infrared wavelength regions. Beside the large operation bandwidth, these ultrafast photonics applications are especially benefit from the high recovery rate as well as the facile processibility of these LD materials. The prominent NLO response of these LD materials have also provided new avenues for the development of novel NLO and photonics devices for all-optical control as well as optical circuits beyond ultrafast lasers.

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Recent Advances of 2D Materials in Nonlinear Photonics and Fiber Lasers

Liu

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

148

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The explosive success of graphene opens a new era of ultrathin 2D materials. It has been realized that the van der Waals layered materials with atomic and less atomic thickness can not only exist stably, but also exhibit unique and technically useful properties including small size effect, surface effect, macro quantum tunnel effect, and quantum effect. With the extensive research and revealing of the basic optical properties and new photophysical properties of 2D materials, a series of potential applications in optical devices have been continuously demonstrated and realized, which immediately roused an upsurge of study in the academic circle. Therefore, the application of 2D materials as broadband, efficient, convenient, and versatile saturable absorbers in ultrafast lasers is a potential and promising field. Herein, the main preparation methods of 2D materials are reviewed and technical guidelines for identifying and characterizing layered 2D materials are provided. After investigating the characteristics of 2D materials thoroughly in nonlinear optics, their performances in fiber lasers are comprehensively summarized according to the types of materials. Finally, some developmental challenges, potential prospects, and future research directions are summarized and presented for such promising materials.

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Thermal damage suppression of a black phosphorus saturable absorber for high-power operation of pulsed fiber lasers

Cited by 33 publications

References 28 publications

2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities

2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities

Emerging Low‐Dimensional Materials for Nonlinear Optics and Ultrafast Photonics

Recent Advances of 2D Materials in Nonlinear Photonics and Fiber Lasers

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