Thermal decomposition features of ammonium nitrate and its boron mixture under high pressures

Koroban, V. A.; Burtsev, Yu. N.; Alimov, F. R.; Haustov, A. D.; Dubovik, V. A.; Teselkin, V. A.

doi:10.1002/prep.19940190608

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Study of AN decomposition is complex and difficult, in part, due to the pivotal role of pressure and reaction products. The melting point of AN rises with increasing system pressure, while the decomposition initiation temperature also rises, albeit slowly . But these facts do not explain the role of pressure in AN explosions.…”

Section: Decomposition Mechanisms Of Anmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Oxley et al studied diverse inerting agents and identified CaCO 3 as the most effective inerting additive, however, they were unable to establish a definitive reason for the exceptional effectiveness of CaCO 3 , although they did note that, with this additive, oxygen tends to go to CO 2 and CaO in preference to N 2 O. Varma and Sinha ran tests using 3 mL sealed ampoules, and found that pure AN exploded at 285°C, while 2% CaCO 3 raised it to 312°C, whereas 2% NaCl lowered it to 213°C. They also reported results for 10 other substances.…”

Section: Reactions Involving Additional Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate

Babrauskas

Leggett²

2019

Fire and Materials

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The thermal decomposition reactions of ammonium nitrate (AN) are reviewed. Both neat AN and AN containing various contaminants are examined, however quantitative kinetics results are not encompassed. Also not included is the performance of AN as the oxidizer in rocket propellants or in explosives such as ANFO. The review is intended to be the most comprehensive review of decomposition reactions of AN since Berthelot's treatise of 1892. Despite hundreds of papers on the topic that have appeared in the intervening years, understanding of decomposition mechanisms remains only modestly more complete than it was in Berthelot's day. However, some additional reaction steps and mechanisms have been identified and these are discussed. Explosions of AN most commonly involve fire as the proximate cause, yet chemical-mechanism research on the topic is nil. A modest number of studies have explored the potentiation of AN decomposition by organic contaminants. These have, thus far, not produced guidance useful for promoting of safety from fire-related causes. Contamination from inorganic sources, notably chlorides is better understood and some mechanisms have been studied. The UN classification of AN as an oxidizer, instead of as an explosive, should not be interpreted literally, since AN has been associated with numerous detonation disasters. K E Y W O R D Sammonium nitrate,

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Section: Decomposition Mechanisms Of Anmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Reactions Involving Additional Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate

Babrauskas

Leggett²

2019

Fire and Materials

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“…(14) has approximately three times higher heat of reaction than one that produces N 2 O according to Eq. (15). Due to its decomposition to N 2 and its high heat of reaction, AN/KCl exhibited a violent exothermic reaction compared with pure AN.…”

Section: Pdsc-msmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Most of the anion additives were examined in the presence of several different counter ions [2,15]. However, variation of the cation species (Na ?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal decomposition mechanism of ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride mixtures

Izato

Miyake

2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN) and potassium chloride (KCl) mixtures was investigated. The thermal properties were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the evolved gas was analyzed using thermogravimetry with mass spectrometry and pressurized DSC coupled with mass spectrometry (TG-DTA-MS and PDSC-MS). DSC measurements of AN/KCl mixtures in sealed and sealedseparated sample pans showed a sharp exothermic decomposition and lower onset temperature than pure AN, whereas AN/KCl in an open pan exhibited an endothermic reaction. In the sealed-separated pan, a separator with a pinhole divided the KCl and AN physically and the evolved gas could interact with both AN and KCl. TG-DTA-MS results revealed that HCl gas was evolved from AN/KCl, which indicated that the reaction of KCl with HNO 3 dissociated from AN formed HCl, and subsequent destabilization of AN. However, the TG-DTA-MS results did not indicate the violent exothermic reaction due to using an open pan and ordinary pressure conditions. PDSC-MS was used to observe two exothermic reactions of AN/KCl and analyze the evolved gases from the reactions. A violent first exothermic reaction was accompanied by a large amount of N 2 and N 2 O gases without H 2 O, and a second exothermic reaction accompanied by H 2 O, N 2 O, and other gases occurred subsequently. The reactions are HCl þ HNO 3 ! NO 2 Cl þ H 2 O ! Cl þ NO 2 þ H 2 O, which have a lower energy barrier by 103 kJ mol -1 than the energy barrier that is needed for HNO 3 homolysis cleavage, which is triggered by pure AN decomposition, HNO 3 ! OH þ NO 2 . We therefore concluded that AN reacts with KCl to produce Cl radicals via HCl and NO 2 Cl, and the Cl radical triggers a radical chain reaction of AN.

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“…The thermal decomposition of AN has been widely studied (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) , but a considerably lower number of works on the thermal behavior of PSAN has been reported. A recent study on this subject can be found in Ref.…”

Section: Thermal Behavior Of Solid Mixtures Of Dnam and Psanmentioning

confidence: 99%