Thermal decomposition kinetics of dynamically vulcanized polyamide 6–acrylonitrile butadiene rubber–halloysite nanotube nanocomposites

Paran, Seyed Mohammad Reza; Vahabi, Henri; Jouyandeh, Maryam; Ducos, Franck; Formela, Krzysztof; Saeb, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1002/app.47483

Cited by 48 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Likewise, dimensionless cure window is defined as ΔT* = ΔT Comp /ΔT Ref . ), where ΔT = T endset – T onset and the numerator and the denominator are the ΔT of the composite and that of neat resin, respectively [ 44 , 45 ]. Such quantities together with the exothermal peak temperature ( T p ) and the total heat released during crosslinking reaction ( ΔH ) as a function of heating rate applied in DSC test are included in Table 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk-Surface Modification of Nanoparticles for Developing Highly-Crosslinked Polymer Nanocomposites

et al. 2020

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Surface modification of nanoparticles with functional molecules has become a routine method to compensate for diffusion-controlled crosslinking of thermoset polymer composites at late stages of crosslinking, while bulk modification has not carefully been discussed. In this work, a highly-crosslinked model polymer nanocomposite based on epoxy and surface-bulk functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was developed. MNPs were synthesized electrochemically, and then polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface-functionalized (PEG-MNPs) and PEG-functionalized cobalt-doped (Co-PEG-MNPs) particles were developed and used in nanocomposite preparation. Various analyses including field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were employed in characterization of surface and bulk of PEG-MNPs and Co-PEG-MNPs. Epoxy nanocomposites including the aforementioned MNPs were prepared and analyzed by nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to study their curing potential in epoxy/amine system. Analyses based on Cure Index revealed that incorporation of 0.1 wt.% of Co-PEG-MNPs into epoxy led to Excellent cure at all heating rates, which uncovered the assistance of bulk modification of nanoparticles to the crosslinking of model epoxy nanocomposites. Isoconversional methods revealed higher activation energy for the completely crosslinked epoxy/Co-PEG-MNPs nanocomposite compared to the neat epoxy. The kinetic model based on isoconversional methods was verified by the experimental rate of cure reaction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk-Surface Modification of Nanoparticles for Developing Highly-Crosslinked Polymer Nanocomposites

et al. 2020

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“…TGA is a simple yet useful method for the analysis of the effects of additives, eg, flame retardants, on thermal decomposition resistance of plastics . As a measure of thermal degradation/stability, a multistage degradation featured by TGA measurements would be representative of multiple thermal character of polymer composites, which could be due to the presence of more than one type of additives or polymer phases in the system, as well as combining two or more kinetic mechanisms in a series or parallel arrangement . Thermal stabilities of EVA and its composites containing APP and CC were studied under nitrogen atmosphere to evaluate mass loss behavior of formulations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of complementary actions of mineral and organic additives in thermoplastic polymer composites by Flame Retardancy Index

Vahabi

Laoutid

Movahedifar

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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This work visualizes the complementary actions of organic and mineral additives in model thermoplastic polymer composites in terms of Flame Retardancy Index (FRI). Thermal and flame retardancy behaviors of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) composites containing calcium carbonate (CC) mineral and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) organic additives were studied varying composition of additives in the 80/20 EVA/(xCC + (20 − x)APP) composites with x denoting 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the onset temperature of composites and the remaining residue were increased by combination of APP and CC, while cone calorimetry results were indicative of a promising flame retardancy performance at a given composition of APP and CC. Based on FRI values, we made distinguished samples from flame retardancy performance viewpoint, where the best flame retardancy was obtained by combination of 15 wt% APP and 5 wt% CC, as reflected in FRI value of 3.08. By contrast, samples containing only APP or CC revealed low resistance against flame, as signaled by FRI values of 0.99 and 0.89, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was made on remaining residue collected at the end of cone calorimetry measurements. Moreover, Raman analysis confirmed barrier effect of flame retardancy for EVA/(5APP + 15CC) sample, featured by a higher graphitization level as well as a thicker yet more homogenous char layer. Mechanical behavior analysis of composites revealed an acceptable level of properties, particularly high elongation at break, which was almost independent of formulation. However, a minor loss in yield stress was observed, especially for EVA(10CC + 10APP) sample.

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“…TGA has been widely used for obtaining the kinetic parameters such as reaction model, f(α) preexponential factor, and activation energy, and E α to deepen understanding of thermal decomposition mechanism of polymers . In a recent work, we comprehensively explained the methodology and applied it for a very complex case containing a thermoplastic, a rubber, and a nanoparticle . Two mathematical approaches are generally applied in finding kinetic parameters from thermogravimetric or differential calorimetric data, and the model‐fitting and model‐free (isoconversional) approaches.…”

Section: Theoretical and Experimental Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triple‐faced polypropylene: Fire retardant, thermally stable, and antioxidative

Vahabi

Paran²,

Shabanian

et al. 2019

Vinyl Additive Technology

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A halogen‐free nitrogen‐rich additive was used to make polypropylene (PP) prepared for three different missions: fire retardancy, thermal stability, and antioxidative properties. The prepared additive was composed of a cyclodextrin, a nanohydroxyapatite, and a poly[[6‐[(1,1,3,3,‐tetramethylbutyl)amino]‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diyl][(2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidinyl)imino]‐1,6‐hexanediyl[2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidinyl)imino] (SABO®STAB) integrated into a unique molecule, namely, BSDH. Fire retardancy performance of BSDH in PP was compared with that of 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) commercially available additive in terms of cone calorimeter results. Thermal stabilities of PP/BSDH and PP/DOPO composites were compared by changes observed in pyrolysis activation energy values measured in thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen atmosphere at various heating rates. Flame retardancy of PP/BSDH composite was reflected in a drop in the peak of Heat Release Rate by ca. 31% with respect to neat PP. Very interestingly, the results show that BSDH additive retarded thermal oxidation of PP macromolecular chains when compared with DOPO commercially available flame retardant, as signaled by a rise in oxidation induction time value as well as an increased early‐stage activation energy needed for thermal decomposition of PP in the presence of BSDH. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:366–376, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Thermal decomposition kinetics of dynamically vulcanized polyamide 6–acrylonitrile butadiene rubber–halloysite nanotube nanocomposites

Cited by 48 publications

References 68 publications

Bulk-Surface Modification of Nanoparticles for Developing Highly-Crosslinked Polymer Nanocomposites

Bulk-Surface Modification of Nanoparticles for Developing Highly-Crosslinked Polymer Nanocomposites

Description of complementary actions of mineral and organic additives in thermoplastic polymer composites by Flame Retardancy Index

Triple‐faced polypropylene: Fire retardant, thermally stable, and antioxidative

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