Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate over perovskite catalysts: Catalytic decomposition behavior, mechanism and application

New Insights into the Catalytic Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate and Decomposition Mechanism by Nano‐CuO Dispersed in Graphite‐Carbon Nitride Nanosheet Composites

“…To further reduce n‐CuO agglomeration and improve its catalytic performance, n‐CuO was usually loaded on the multi‐electron carrier. The multi‐electron carrier could provide accelerated electrons and n‐CuO could be receptive to the electrons of AP decomposition product ions and their intermediates, which might further enhance the efficiency of AP pyrolysis through synergistic effects [19–24] . For instance, graphene (G)/CuO composite exhibited high catalytic decomposition performance significantly reducing the HTD value of AP from 432 to 325 °C and decreasing the activation energy ( E a ) by 57.53 kJ/mol [25] .…”

“…Theoretical studies showed that the pyrolysis process in AP was governed by two steps, including the electron transfer from ClO 4 − to NH 4 + and from O 2 (produced by the decomposition of HClO 4 ) to O 2 − [26,27] . The multi‐electron carriers had fast electrons transfer rate and could promote the generation of O 2 − [24,28–29] . As a result, the catalytic performance of n‐CuO has been greatly improved by adding the multi‐electron carrier [1,30–32] …”

“…The multielectron carrier could provide accelerated electrons and n-CuO could be receptive to the electrons of AP decomposition product ions and their intermediates, which might further enhance the efficiency of AP pyrolysis through synergistic effects. [19][20][21][22][23][24] For instance, graphene (G)/CuO composite exhibited high catalytic decomposition performance significantly reducing the HTD value of AP from 432 to 325 °C and decreasing the activation energy (E a ) by 57.53 kJ/mol. [25] It was shown that adding CuO/MoS 2 composites to AP could reduce the HTD value by 93 °C and enhance the whole heat release by 962 J/g.…”

Nano Size NiCuZnFe2O4 Tri Metal Spinel Ferrite: Synthesis, Characterizations and Additive for Thermolysis of Ammonium Perchlorate

“…AP decomposition undergoes two steps: one is LTD, low thermal decomposition in the range 280 °C-320 °C temperature that reveal gas products like perchlorate (HClO 4 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ); another is HTD, high thermal decomposition in the range 320 °C-450 °C temperature that reveal retreated gas mixtures of N 2 O, NO, O 2 and HCl, and release high amount of heat with ignition thrust. [35] Previous work suggested that metal ferrites have high catalytic activity for the decomposition of AP. [8,21,32,33] However, the studies that focus on the AP decomposition explained kinetically and theoretically are reported that have important significance to researchers.…”

“…Catalysts like metals, [11,12] metal oxides, [6,13–17] metal alloys, [8,18–21] carbon supported catalysts, [22–28] metal hydroxides [29–31] are most investigated catalysts for achieve lower thermal decomposition temperature of AP via optimizing its decomposition route. AP decomposition undergoes two steps: one is LTD, low thermal decomposition in the range 280 °C–320 °C temperature that reveal gas products like perchlorate (HClO 4 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ); another is HTD, high thermal decomposition in the range 320 °C–450 °C temperature that reveal retreated gas mixtures of N 2 O, NO, O 2 and HCl, and release high amount of heat with ignition thrust [35] . Previous work suggested that metal ferrites have high catalytic activity for the decomposition of AP [8,21,32,33] .…”