Thermal decomposition of decabromodiphenyl ether

Klusmeier, W.; Vögler, P.; Ohrbach, K.-H.; Weber, H.; Kettrup, A.

doi:10.1016/0165-2370(88)80012-3

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Another possible source, especially of HBB, PBBz, and PBT, could be the release from polymeric BFRs or highly brominated FRs such as BDEÀ209. 32,46,47 Arp et al proposed the possible breakdown of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), a substitute of DecaBDE, to PBT 48 which needs to be experimentally confirmed in future research. DPTE is currently not known to be produced, but its occurrence in air, seawater, 17,20 and marine mammals, 49,50 both in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Southern Ocean and the Arctic in concentrations similar or higher to PBDEs, indicates that it still might be somehow emitted into or formed in the environment.…”

Section: ' Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides these production sites located in Eastern China which might be primary sources, the general usage of HFRs in consumer and industrial products and subsequently the emission of HFRs from products into the environment, especially in urbanized and industrialized regions, and e–waste disposals, which are known to be important sources of PBDEs in the (Asian) environment, contribute to the HFR pollution of the (marine) environment. Another possible source, especially of HBB, PBBz, and PBT, could be the release from polymeric BFRs or highly brominated FRs such as BDE–209. ,, Arp et al proposed the possible breakdown of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), a substitute of DecaBDE, to PBT which needs to be experimentally confirmed in future research. DPTE is currently not known to be produced, but its occurrence in air, seawater, , and marine mammals, , both in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Southern Ocean and the Arctic in concentrations similar or higher to PBDEs, indicates that it still might be somehow emitted into or formed in the environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers vs Alternate Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechloranes from East Asia to the Arctic

Møller

Xie

Cai

et al. 2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Marine boundary layer air and seawater samples taken during a polar expedition cruise from East China Sea to the Arctic were analyzed in order to compare the occurrence, distribution, and fate of the banned polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) with their brominated alternatives as well as the chlorinated Dechloranes. The sum of PBDEs (∑10PBDEs) in the atmosphere ranged from 0.07 to 8.1 pg m–3 with BDE–209 being the dominating congener and from not detected (n.d.) to 0.6 pg L–1 in seawater. Alternate brominated flame retardants (BFRs), especially hexabromobenzene (HBB), (2,3–dibromopropyl–2,4,6–tribromophenyl ether (DPTE), pentabromotoluene (PBT), 2–ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5–tetrabromobenzoate (EHTBB), bis–(2–ethylhexyl)–tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), were detected in higher concentrations than PBDEs, even in the high Arctic (0.6 to 15.4 pg m–3 for sum of alternate BFRs), indicating the change of PBDEs toward alternate BFRs in the environmental predominance. In addition, Dechlorane Plus (DP) as well as Dechlorane 602, 603, and 604 were detected both in the atmosphere and in seawater. The highest concentrations as well as the highest compound variability were observed in East Asian samples suggesting the Asian continent as source of these compounds in the marine environment. The air–seawater exchange indicates strong deposition, especially of alternate BFRs, as well as dry particle–bound deposition of BDE–209 into the ocean.

show abstract

Section: ' Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers vs Alternate Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechloranes from East Asia to the Arctic

Møller

Xie

Cai

et al. 2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Besides, the treatment of e-waste might be an important source of HFRs in the environment as shown for several sites in China. , China receives 70% of all global exported e-waste; the remaining amount also ends up in other Southeast Asian countries . Considering HBB, PBT, and PBBz might also be emitted by degradation of higher brominated flame retardants or polymeric flame retardants, ,− the emissions from e-waste treatment might be even higher for these compounds than from the production, which takes place in China and Japan (HBB) and U.S. and China (PBT), and from their use. Very strikingly, Xie et al reported elevated HBB concentrations over the Atlantic Ocean up to 11 pg m –3 off the West coast of Africa which are in the range of the elevated concentrations over the EIA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechlorane Plus in the Marine Atmosphere from Southeast Asia toward Antarctica

Møller

Xie

Cai

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The occurrence, distribution, and temperature dependence in the marine atmosphere of several alternative brominated flame retardants (BFRs), Dechlorane Plus (DP) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were investigated during a sampling cruise from the East Indian Archipelago toward the Indian Ocean and further to the Southern Ocean. Elevated concentrations were observed over the East Indian Archipelago, especially of the non-PBDE BFR hexabromobenzene (HBB) with concentrations up to 26 pg m(-3) which were found to be related to continental air masses from the East Indian Archipelago. Other alternative BFRs- pentabromotoulene (PBT), pentabromobenzene (PBBz), and 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE)-were elevated, too, with concentrations up to 2.8, 4.3, and 2.3 pg m(-3), respectively. DP was detected from 0.26 to 11 pg m(-3) and bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) ranged from not detected (nd) to 2.8 pg m(-3), respectively. PBDEs ranged from nd to 6.6 pg m(-3) (Σ(10)PBDEs) with the highest individual concentrations for BDE-209. The approach of Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) plots indicates that HBB is dominated by long-range atmospheric transport at lower temperatures over the Indian and Southern Ocean, while volatilization processes and additional atmospheric emissions dominate at higher temperatures. In contrast, BDE-28 and -47 are dominated by long-range transport without fresh emissions over the entire cruise transect and temperature range, indicating limited fresh emissions of the meanwhile classic PBDEs.

show abstract

“…This temperature is significantly lower than the decomposition temperature of this compound which was found to be above 400 1C. 34 The substances under investigation are commercially available, Sigma-Aldrich products B65209 (BDPE), 117277 (BPE), 194425 (DBDE), 240834 (DPE), and were used without additional purification.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Degradation of gas phase decabromodiphenyl ether by resonant interaction with low-energy electrons

Pshenichnyuk

Lomakin

Modelli

2011

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Resonance electron attachment in a series of brominated phenyl ethers, including decabromodiphenyl ether (DBDE), was investigated in the gas phase by means of electron transmission spectroscopy (ETS) and dissociative electron attachment spectroscopy (DEAS). Attachment of thermal electrons to DBDE leads to various dissociative decay channels of the temporary molecular anion. In contrast to other bromophenyl ethers, the bromide anion is not the most intense negative fragment. The neutral counterparts of the observed [Br(2)](-) and [C(6)Br(4)O](-) anion fragments are ascribed to the closed-shell species octabromodibenzofuran and hexabromobenzene, respectively, although their formation implies complex atomic rearrangements. Density functional theory calculations are employed to evaluate electron affinities, thermodynamic energy thresholds for production of the anion fragments observed in the DEA spectra and the proton affinities of the corresponding neutral radicals. Since DBDE is one of the most widespread organic pollutants, the present gas-phase DEA study can provide indications on the reaction mechanisms which occur in vivo and cause injuries to living cells.

show abstract

Thermal decomposition of decabromodiphenyl ether

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers vs Alternate Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechloranes from East Asia to the Arctic

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers vs Alternate Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechloranes from East Asia to the Arctic

Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechlorane Plus in the Marine Atmosphere from Southeast Asia toward Antarctica

Degradation of gas phase decabromodiphenyl ether by resonant interaction with low-energy electrons

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About