Thermal decomposition of titanium hydrides in electrochemically hydrogenated electron beam melting (EBM) and wrought Ti–6Al–4V alloys using in situ high-temperature X-Ray diffraction

Navi, Nissim U.; Rosen, Brian A.; Sabatani, Eyal; Tenenbaum, Jonathan; Tiferet, Eitan; Eliaz, Noam

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.06.166

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Ag/AgCl was used as a reference electrode. H 3 PO 4 –glycerin (1:2 volume ratio) was used as an electrolyte [ 23 , 41 , 45 , 46 , 57 , 58 ]. Due to its high viscosity, this electrolyte is known to facilitate hydrogen adsorption onto the metal surface and increase the cathodic charging efficiency [ 21 , 58 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reaction of hydrogen with matrix elements can form hydride phases such as δ (fcc), γ (fct, c / a > 1), and ε (fct, c / a < 1) [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Several studies were conducted to explore the effect of the typical microstructures of AM Ti–6Al–4V on its sensitivity to HE [ 19 , 28 , 29 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Navi et al [ 41 ] investigated the influence of EC on both EBM and wrought Ti–6Al–4V alloys with a similar β-phase contents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Electron Beam-Melted (EBM) Ti–6Al–4V Alloy and Its Susceptibility to Hydrogen

Lulu-Bitton,

Navi,

Haroush

et al. 2024

Materials

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The effects of the secondary processes of Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) at 920 °C and Heat Treatment (HT) at 1000 °C of Electron Beam-Melted (EBM) Ti–6Al–4V alloy on the microstructure and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) after electrochemical hydrogen charging (EC) were investigated. Comprehensive characterization, including microstructural analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal desorption analysis, and mechanical testing, was conducted. After HIP, the β-phase morphology changed from discontinuous Widmanstätten to a more continuous structure, 10 times and ~1.5 times larger in length and width, respectively. Following HT, the β-phase morphology changed to a continuous “web-like” structure, ~4.5 times larger in width. Despite similar mechanical behavior in their non-hydrogenated state, the post-treated alloys exhibit increased susceptibility to HE due to enhanced hydrogen penetration into the bulk. It is shown that hydrogen content in the samples’ bulk is inversely dependent on surface hydride content. It is therefore concluded that the formed hydride surface layer is crucial for inhibiting further hydrogen penetration and adsorption into the bulk and thus for reducing HE susceptibility. The lack of a hydride surface layer in the samples subject to HIP and HT highlights the importance of choosing secondary treatment process parameters that will not increase the continuous β-phase morphology of EBM Ti–6Al–4V alloys in applications that involve electrochemical hydrogen environments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Electron Beam-Melted (EBM) Ti–6Al–4V Alloy and Its Susceptibility to Hydrogen

Lulu-Bitton,

Navi,

Haroush

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…(1) A parallelogram sample, 30 mm × 30 mm× 25 mm in dimensions, was machined from a rod manufactured by EBM at the AM Center of Rotem Industries Ltd. (Mishor Yamin, Israel) using an Arcam Q20 Plus EBM machine (Arcam AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) and a Ti6Al4V Grade 5 spherical powder with a size distribution of 45-106 µm [38][39][40]. Rod specimens 11 mm in diameter were orientated on the XY plane of the tray.…”

Section: Alloy Processing Sample Preparation and Dynamic Pulse-echo Ultrasonic Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sample did not undergo any stress-relieving heat treatment after printing. (4) A wrought Ti6Al4V Grade 23 rod, 25.4 mm in diameter, was produced by Dynamet, Inc. (Washington, PA, USA) by hot rolling[38,39]. The chemical composition of this alloy (wt.%) was 90.485 Ti, 5.558 Ti, 3.674 V, 0.232 Fe, 0.049 Mo, 0.022 Cr, 0.009 Mn, 0.0069 C, 0.1296 O, 0.0200 H, and 0.0086 N[38].…”

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confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Anisotropic Dynamic Elastic Constants of Additive Manufactured and Wrought Ti6Al4V Alloys

et al. 2022

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Additively manufactured (AM) materials and hot rolled materials are typically orthotropic, and exhibit anisotropic elastic properties. This paper elucidates the anisotropic elastic properties (Young’s modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio) of Ti6Al4V alloy in four different conditions: three AM (by selective laser melting, SLM, electron beam melting, EBM, and directed energy deposition, DED, processes) and one wrought alloy (for comparison). A specially designed polygon sample allowed measurement of 12 sound wave velocities (SWVs), employing the dynamic pulse-echo ultrasonic technique. In conjunction with the measured density values, these SWVs enabled deriving of the tensor of elastic constants (Cij) and the three-dimensional (3D) Young’s moduli maps. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and micro-computed tomography (μCT) were employed to characterize the grain size and orientation as well as porosity and other defects which could explain the difference in the measured elastic constants of the four materials. All three types of AM materials showed only minor anisotropy. The wrought (hot rolled) alloy exhibited the highest density, virtually pore-free μCT images, and the highest ultrasonic anisotropy and polarity behavior. EBSD analysis revealed that a thin β-phase layer that formed along the elongated grain boundaries caused the ultrasonic polarity behavior. The finding that the elastic properties depend on the manufacturing process and on the angle relative to either the rolling direction or the AM build direction should be taken into account in the design of products. The data reported herein is valuable for materials selection and finite element analyses in mechanical design. The pulse-echo measurement procedure employed in this study may be further adapted and used for quality control of AM materials and parts.

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“…Hence, many industries recognize hydrogen (H 2 ) as a clean and stable source of energy for decarbonization or de-fossilization [ 6 ]. Nevertheless, several disadvantages, including the tremendous cost of production and its low volumetric energy density reduce the efficiency of the operation [ 7 , 8 ]. A great deal of efforts has been made to identify new nanomaterials for the hydrogen storage which can increase the storage capacity under different operating conditions [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical evaluation of SnFe2O4@MWCNTS nanocomposite as a potential hydrogen storage material

Shaterian

Ardeshiri

Mohammadi

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Thermal decomposition of titanium hydrides in electrochemically hydrogenated electron beam melting (EBM) and wrought Ti–6Al–4V alloys using in situ high-temperature X-Ray diffraction

Cited by 17 publications

References 57 publications

The Effects of Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Electron Beam-Melted (EBM) Ti–6Al–4V Alloy and Its Susceptibility to Hydrogen

The Effects of Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Electron Beam-Melted (EBM) Ti–6Al–4V Alloy and Its Susceptibility to Hydrogen

Measurement of the Anisotropic Dynamic Elastic Constants of Additive Manufactured and Wrought Ti6Al4V Alloys

Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical evaluation of SnFe2O4@MWCNTS nanocomposite as a potential hydrogen storage material

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