Thermal Degradation of Cellulose and Cellulosic Substrates

Alongi, Jenny; Malucelli, Giulio

doi:10.1002/9781119117711.ch14

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…In particular, it was found that the most significant enhancements in cotton resistance to a heat flux were achieved by carrying out the sol-gel process at 80˝C for 15 h, keeping a 1:1 water:tetramethylortosilicate (TMOS) molar ratio. Indeed, cone calorimetry tests showed a 56% increase of TTI and 15% decrease of pkHRR: this behavior indicates that the sol-gel coating behaves like a thermal insulator, shifting the temperature at which degradation starts toward higher values and, at the same time, promoting the formation of a stable carbonaceous and inorganic residue as a consequence of cellulose dehydration [35].…”

Section: Sol-gel Inorganic Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Surface-Engineered Fire Protective Coatings for Fabrics through Sol-Gel and Layer-by-Layer Methods: An Overview

Malucelli

2016

Coatings

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Fabric flammability is a surface-confined phenomenon: in fact, the fabric surface represents the most critical region, through which the mass and heat transfers, responsible for fueling the flame, are controlled and exchanged with the surroundings. More specifically, the heat the fabric surface is exposed to is transferred to the bulk, from which volatile products of thermal degradation diffuse toward the surface and the gas phase, hence feeding the flame. As a consequence, the chemical and physical characteristics of the fabric surface considerably affect the ignition and combustion processes, as the surface influences the flux of combustible volatile products toward the gas phase. In this context, it is possible to significantly modify (and improve) the fire performance of textile materials by "simply" tailoring their surface: currently, one of the most effective approaches exploits the deposition of tailored coatings able to slow down the heat and mass transfer phenomena occurring during the fire stages. This paper reviews the current state of the art related to the design of inorganic, hybrid, or organic flame-retardant coatings suitable for the fire protection of different fabric substrates (particularly referring to cotton, polyester, and their blends). More specifically, the use of sol-gel and layer-by-layer (LbL) methods is thoroughly discussed; then, some recent examples of flame retardant coatings are presented, showing their potential advances and their current limitations.

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Section: Sol-gel Inorganic Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…As a consequence, the creation of a physical barrier to oxygen and heat transfer is achieved; at the same time, this barrier hinders the formation of volatile species that fuel the further textile degradation and favors the formation of a stable, carbonaceous, and inorganic residue [34,35].…”

Section: Sol-gel Derived Coatings On Fabricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-Engineered Fire Protective Coatings for Fabrics through Sol-Gel and Layer-by-Layer Methods: An Overview

Malucelli

2016

Coatings

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“…This latter exerts a protective effect on the underlying textile, limiting the oxygen diffusion and absorbing the heat evolved during the combustion [78].…”

Section: Caseinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances for Flame Retardancy of Textiles Based on Phosphorus Chemistry

2016

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This paper aims at updating the progress on the phosphorus-based flame retardants specifically designed and developed for fibers and fabrics (particularly referring to cotton, polyester and their blends) over the last five years. Indeed, as clearly depicted by Horrocks in a recent review, the world of flame retardants for textiles is still experiencing some changes that are focused on topics like the improvement of its effectiveness and the replacement of toxic chemical products with counterparts that have low environmental impact and, hence, are more sustainable. In this context, phosphorus-based compounds play a key role and may lead, possibly in combination with silicon-or nitrogen-containing structures, to the design of new, efficient flame retardants for fibers and fabrics. Therefore, this review thoroughly describes the advances and the potentialities offered by the phosphorus-based products recently developed at a lab-scale, highlighting the current limitations, open challenges and some perspectives toward their possible exploitation at a larger scale.

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“…The main outcomes of this work clearly indicated that the highest flame-retardant properties were achieved when TMOS was utilized as precursor, performing the sol-gel treatments at 80 • C for 15 h and keeping a 1:1 water:TMOS molar ratio. Forced combustion tests revealed the effectiveness of the deposited silica coating in decreasing the peak of heat release rate (by about 15%), hence confirming the thermal shielding effect provided by the ceramic layer that favored the dehydration of cotton, instead of the formation of volatile combustible gases, inducing, at the same time, the formation of a stable aromatic char [24].…”

Section: Sol-gel Fully Inorganic Coatings On Cottonmentioning

confidence: 59%

Sol-Gel and Layer-by-Layer Coatings for Flame-Retardant Cotton Fabrics: Recent Advances

Malucelli

2020

Coatings

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Surface-engineered coatings for the fire protection of cotton are being increasing used thanks to the ease of application of the coatings and their effectiveness in preventing flame propagation and improving resistance to irradiative heat flux exposure. Two main approaches have been extensively investigated, namely sol-gel derived coatings and layer-by-layer assemblies. These approaches are both capable of providing treated fabrics with outstanding flame-retardant features. Notwithstanding, according to the composition of the sol-gel recipes and the type of deposited layers, it is possible to design multifunctional (for example hydrophobic and electrically conductive) treatments. This review aims at discussing recent advances with respect to both strategies, highlighting current limitations, open challenges, and possible advances.

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Thermal Degradation of Cellulose and Cellulosic Substrates

Cited by 25 publications

References 89 publications

Surface-Engineered Fire Protective Coatings for Fabrics through Sol-Gel and Layer-by-Layer Methods: An Overview

Surface-Engineered Fire Protective Coatings for Fabrics through Sol-Gel and Layer-by-Layer Methods: An Overview

Recent Advances for Flame Retardancy of Textiles Based on Phosphorus Chemistry

Sol-Gel and Layer-by-Layer Coatings for Flame-Retardant Cotton Fabrics: Recent Advances

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