Thermal degradation of poly(vinylpyridine)s

Elmaci, Ayşegül; Hacaloğlu, Jale

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.12.016

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…[11] The degradation of the P2VP brush commenced at significantly higher temperatures (Ͼ 395°C) as indicated by a MS signal of pyridine (m/z = 79). [12] The small peak of the propene fragment observed at higher decomposition temperature (395°C) might either be attributed to a delayed release of PAMA due to a coating of P2VP at the core-shell transition zone or to a decomposition of the pyridine ring to a fragment of m/z = 41 as reported in the literature. [12] Since the cumulative mass loss (25 %) up to 320°C corresponds with the weight content of PAMA in the block copolymer the latter explanation appears more likely.…”

Section: P2vp-b-pama/apm Hybrid Nanowiresmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…[12] The small peak of the propene fragment observed at higher decomposition temperature (395°C) might either be attributed to a delayed release of PAMA due to a coating of P2VP at the core-shell transition zone or to a decomposition of the pyridine ring to a fragment of m/z = 41 as reported in the literature. [12] Since the cumulative mass loss (25 %) up to 320°C corresponds with the weight content of PAMA in the block copolymer the latter explanation appears more likely. The hybrid formed between positively charged P2VP-b-PAMA nanobrushes and APM was amorphous (Scheme 1D, Figure 2A).…”

Section: P2vp-b-pama/apm Hybrid Nanowiresmentioning

confidence: 63%

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Selective Template Removal by Thermal Depolymerization to Obtain Mesostructured Molybdenum Oxycarbide

Schieder

Lunkenbein

Bojer

et al. 2015

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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The carbon content of mesostructured organic-inorganic hybrid material of a cylindrical block copolymer template of poly(2-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(allyl methacrylate) (P2VP-b-PAMA) and ammonium paramolybdate (APM) could be reduced by thermal depolymerization. By calcination in vacuo at 320 degrees C the PAMA core can be completely removed while the remaining P2VP brush preserves the mesostructure. The P2VP-APM composite can then be carburized in-situ to MoOxCy in a second pyrolysis step without any additional carbon source but P2VP. The molybdenum oxycarbide nanotubes obtained, form hierarchically porous non-woven structures, which were tested as catalyst in the decomposition of NH3. They proved to be catalytically active at temperatures above 450 degrees C. The activation energy was estimated from an Arrhenius Plot to be 127 kJmol(-1)

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Section: P2vp-b-pama/apm Hybrid Nanowiresmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: P2vp-b-pama/apm Hybrid Nanowiresmentioning

confidence: 63%

Selective Template Removal by Thermal Depolymerization to Obtain Mesostructured Molybdenum Oxycarbide

Schieder

Lunkenbein

Bojer

et al. 2015

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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“…PS degrades in a single step by a depolymerization reaction to yield mainly, the monomer, styrene [25,26]. P2VP decomposes by a complex degradation mechanism producing also protonated oligomers in addition to monomer and low mass oligomers [27]. Previous DP-MS studies revealed that during the pyrolysis of PS-b-P2VP copolymer, each component decomposes independently via the decomposition pathways identified for the corresponding pure homopolymers as expected for a block copolymer [28,29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Thermal decomposition mechanisms of polystyrene, PS, and poly(2-vinylpyridine), P2VP, have been studied extensively [25][26][27]. PS degrades in a single step by a depolymerization reaction to yield mainly, the monomer, styrene [25,26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) coordinated to metal or metal ion nanoparticles

Lekesiz

Kaleli

Uyar

et al. 2014

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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a b s t r a c tIn this study, Co, Cr or Au 3+ functional polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine), PS-b-P2VP complexes were prepared and characterized. Coordination of metal atom or ion to nitrogen atom of pyridine rings was confirmed by FTIR analyses. The strength and efficiency of coordination of P2VP blocks to Co, Cr or Au 3+ mainly depends on charge and stability of the complex formed that is mainly related to the energy of d orbitals. The results reveal that the thermal stability of the polymer composite formed increases with the increase in strength of the coordination. Changes in thermal decomposition mechanism and product distribution were recorded. Degradation of P2VP units coordinated to Cr, Co or Au 3+ was started by loss of pyridine units leaving an unsaturated and/or crosslinked polymer backbone that degraded at relatively high temperatures.

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“…The FE of the catalyst remained high for processing temperatures up to 450 °C. Further increase in the processing temperature led to a decrease in FE, probably due to the dissociation of pyridine moieties [46] and the aggregation of Co. [47] To increase the available catalytic sites, Co-P4VP-derived catalyst was synthesized with a ketjenblack carbon support (ECP600JD) with higher surface and electrochemical active areas (Table S1 and Figure S2, Supporting Information). Processing time, composition, and the catalyst loading [3] were subsequently optimized at 1.5 h, 3 wt% Co composition, and 4 mg cm −2 loading, respectively, leading to a remarkable values for FE (92%) and EE (58%) for CO 2 RR at 85 mA cm −2 ( Figure S3, Supporting Information).…”

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confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction Reaction to CO with One‐Pot Synthesized Co‐Pyridine‐Derived Catalyst Incorporated in a Nafion‐Based Membrane Electrode Assembly

Fujinuma

Ikoma

Lofland

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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hindered because the corresponding reaction requires only two electrons and two protons, making it a promising initial feedstock. [19] Recent studies have described high (>90%) Faradaic efficiency (FE) for CO 2 RR to CO at high current density (>50 mA cm −2) for several different catalysts. [20-23] Among catalysts, metaldoped carbon materials have emerged at the intersection between heterogeneous carbon and metal microcycles, showing high selectivity toward CO 2 RR to CO. [23-38] Despite the wide variety of structural designs, most catalysts were shown to promote CO 2 RR only in CO 2-saturated basic or neutral aqueous solution to suppress the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Another underlying challenge is that the synthetic procedures often require relatively complicated steps such as templating. Such constraints impose practical difficulties and additional costs for operation. As seen in fuel-cell technology, a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) offers technical advantages in terms of scalability, design flexibility, and ease of operation. [39] However, only a few studies have demonstrated CO 2 RR with MEAs with either cation-exchange [25,36,40,41] or anion-exchange membranes. [37,42,43] While cation-exchange based MEAs face a fundamental challenge due to the competing HER because of the acidic environment, they have great potential for commercialization because of their highly durable and widely available components. [44] Herein, we describe a straightforward one-pot synthesis of cobalt and organic [poly-4-vinylpyridine (P4VP)] precursors with carbon supports to form the cathode of a highly effective nafion-based MEA, using the synergy between the reduced cobalt and pyridine moieties to drive the CO 2 RR. Studies indicate that the catalyst performed CO 2 RR predominantly over HER across a wide range of pH. Optimization of the catalyst components led to CO production with 92% FE and 58% EE at 85 mA cm −2 , and preliminary durability tests showed stable FE for 20 h of operation. Metal-pyridine derived carbon catalysts were synthesized according to the reported pyrolysis method as illustrated in Figure 1a. [25,36] Metal (Co, Fe, and Ni) nitrate and pyridine derivatives [4-ethylpyridine (EPy), 4-aminopyridine (APy), poly-4-vinylpyridine (P4VP), and poly-2-vinylpyridine (P2VP)], There is great need for the development of an electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) process with high Faraday efficiency (FE), energy efficiency (EE), and current density for practical utilization of CO 2. Here, a facile one-pot synthesis of a catalyst is reported that is based on cobalt and poly-4-vinylpyridine that can perform CO 2 RR to CO predominantly with respect to the hydrogen evolution reaction in a nafion-based membrane electrode assembly and can work in pH ranging from 2 to 7. Cell optimization results in CO 2 RR to CO with 92% FE and 58% EE at 85 mA cm −2 , while showing no noticeable degradation in FE at 20 h. These characteristics are attributed to synthesis and processing conditions which promote nearly...

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Thermal degradation of poly(vinylpyridine)s

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Selective Template Removal by Thermal Depolymerization to Obtain Mesostructured Molybdenum Oxycarbide

Selective Template Removal by Thermal Depolymerization to Obtain Mesostructured Molybdenum Oxycarbide

Preparation and characterization of polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) coordinated to metal or metal ion nanoparticles

Highly Efficient Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction Reaction to CO with One‐Pot Synthesized Co‐Pyridine‐Derived Catalyst Incorporated in a Nafion‐Based Membrane Electrode Assembly

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Thermal degradation of poly(vinylpyridine)s

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Selective Template Removal by Thermal Depolymerization to Obtain Mesostructured Molybdenum Oxycarbide

Selective Template Removal by Thermal Depolymerization to Obtain Mesostructured Molybdenum Oxycarbide

Preparation and characterization of polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) coordinated to metal or metal ion nanoparticles

Highly Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction to CO with One‐Pot Synthesized Co‐Pyridine‐Derived Catalyst Incorporated in a Nafion‐Based Membrane Electrode Assembly

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Product

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Highly Efficient Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction Reaction to CO with One‐Pot Synthesized Co‐Pyridine‐Derived Catalyst Incorporated in a Nafion‐Based Membrane Electrode Assembly