Thermal degradation related to the PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer and back electrode of the flexible inverted organic photovoltaic module

Son, Hyung Jin; Park, Hong Kwan; Moon, Ji Yeon; Ju, Byeong Kwon; Kim, Sung Hyun

doi:10.1039/c9se00811j

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…All‐solution roll‐to‐roll (R2R) processes enable high throughput manufacturing of flexible OPV modules. [ 13,106–109 ] In flexible large‐area OPV modules that suffer from insufficient barrier properties of plastic substrate, water uptake and Ag migration accelerated by hygroscopic and acidic PEDOT:PSS layer can degrade the device stability. [ 109 ] In a series‐connected module, interconnections can introduce a resistive loss.…”

Section: Stability Issues Of Opvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thereby, water uptake by hygroscopic PEDOT:PSS in the flexible OPV modules can lead to efficiency loss over time. [ 107,109,161 ] PEDOT:PSS is a representative solution processable hole transporting material frequently used for solution processable large‐area OPVs. To alleviate the water uptake, researchers have utilized additives such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or ethylene glycol (EG) into the PEDOT:PSS ink.…”

Section: Stability Issues Of Opvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To alleviate the water uptake, researchers have utilized additives such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or ethylene glycol (EG) into the PEDOT:PSS ink. [ 107,109 ] PEDOT:PSS is a mixture composed of conducting and hydrophobic PEDOT and insulating hydrophilic PSS. [ 162 ] The additive‐processed PEDOT:PSS layer exhibits an enhanced electric conductivity.…”

Section: Stability Issues Of Opvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acidic property of PEDOT:PSS layer in the inverted device configuration corrodes the Ag metal electrode so that Ag migration is accelerated which can result in degradation of the OPV modules. [ 109 ] As alternative hole‐transporting materials that can substitute PEDOT:PSS, transition metal oxide (such as MoO 3 , WO 3 , V 2 O 5 , and NiO), graphene oxide, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) (such as MoS 2 , MoSe 2 , WS 2 , WSe 2 , and WTe 2 ) have been studied. Although MoO 3 has been widely utilized as a HTL in OPVs, its deposited layer thickness should be precisely controlled at 15 nm or less by thermal evaporation because of low conductivity of MoO 3 which implicates that MoO 3 is unfavorable to large‐scale manufacturing.…”

Section: Stability Issues Of Opvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adapted with permission. [ 109 ] Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry. c) The work function of ITO and various HTLs deposited on ITO measured via the Kelvin probe (KP) technique and calculated via the DFT method.…”

Section: Stability Issues Of Opvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Materials, Solution Processes, and Long‐Term Stability for Large‐Area Organic Photovoltaics

et al. 2020

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processing at low cost compared with their inorganic counterparts. The first breakthrough in OPV technology was achieved by realizing BHJ active layers with nanoscale bicontinuous network structures of electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) materials; this structure enables efficient exciton separation at the D-A interface. [1] The development of push-pull-type donor polymers has effectively extended the light absorption range of OPVs into the near-infrared (NIR) region, which has ultimately led to substantial improvements in power conversion efficiency (PCE) to greater than 10%. In particular, highly crystalline donor polymers such as PffBT4T-2OD substantially improved charge-transport properties, enabling OPV devices with a BHJ film thickness greater than 200 nm to operate. [2] Historically, fullerene derivatives have been dominantly used as acceptors in OPVs because of their excellent electron-accepting and transporting properties and because they can be prepared with a morphology optimized for efficient charge-carrier generation and transport. [3,4] However, despite such promising characteristics, OPVs based on fullerene derivatives have drawbacks of limited light-absorption properties, poor energylevel tunability, and poor morphological and/or photochemical stability. [5,6] Over the past several years, tremendous efforts have been directed toward the development of nonfullerenebased OPVs to overcome these limitations. The advantages of nonfullerene acceptors over fullerenes include easily tunable energy levels, which enables OPVs to achieve substantially higher open-circuit voltages (V OC s) than conventional fullerenebased devices. [7] In addition, nonfullerene acceptors enable better light absorption properties and therefore generate higher photocurrents than fullerene derivatives. [8] Furthermore, nonfullerene acceptors with appropriate molecular tailoring can provide chemically stable photoactive materials, potentially enhancing long-term device stability. [5] Recent breakthroughs realized through the development of small molecular nonfullerene acceptors have resulted in remarkable enhancements in the PCEs of single-junction OPVs to greater than 17%, which demonstrates the potential for the large-scale manufacture of OPVs. [9] When translating photovoltaic technology from laboratory to commercial products, low cost, high PCE, and high Organic solar cells based on bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) are attractive energy-conversion devices that can generate electricity from absorbed sunlight by dissociating excitons and collecting charge carriers. Recent breakthroughs attained by development of nonfullerene acceptors result in significant enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCEs) exceeding 17%. However, most of researches have focused on pursuing high efficiency of small-area (<1 cm 2) unit cells fabricated usually with spin coating. For practical application of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) from lab-scale unit cells to industrial products, it is essential to develop efficient technologies that can extend act...

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Section: Stability Issues Of Opvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stability Issues Of Opvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stability Issues Of Opvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stability Issues Of Opvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stability Issues Of Opvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Materials, Solution Processes, and Long‐Term Stability for Large‐Area Organic Photovoltaics

et al. 2020

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Powering the Future: A Critical Review of Research Progress in Enhancing Stability of High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells

Wu,

Ma,

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Organic solar cells (OSCs) are a promising photovoltaic technology that employs organic semiconductor material as the photoactive layer, which has the unique advantages of light weight, large‐area flexible fabrication, low‐cost, and semitransparent. In recent years, the performance of OSCs has been significantly improved, and the highest power conversion efficiency has exceeded 19%. Despite the tremendous progress in OSCs, the major bottleneck in realizing the commercialization of OSCs is the device stability. Therefore, reviewing the recent research progress on the stability of high‐performance OSCs is urgent and necessary. This review discusses the factors limiting device lifetime, such as metastable morphology, air, irradiation, heat, and mechanical stresses. Additionally, this review presents the research progress over the last 5 years, focusing on enhancing device stability from the perspective of photoactive layers and other functional layers, which includes material design and device engineering, such as solid additives, device fabrication, optimizing buffer layers, using stable electrodes, and encapsulation. Lastly, this review explores current commercialization challenges and prospects, including using advanced machine learning techniques to assist experimental research.

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A Review on Emerging Barrier Materials and Encapsulation Strategies for Flexible Perovskite and Organic Photovoltaics

Sutherland

Weerasinghe

Simon

2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have undergone rapid development within the last decade, exhibiting exciting properties such as high efficiency, flexibility, and the potential for large‐scale fabrication through roll‐to‐roll (R2R) processing. Despite this, operational stability is recognized to be an ongoing challenge as prolonged device lifetimes are scarcely observed. This instability can be narrowed down to both “intrinsic degradation” and “extrinsic degradation,” with exposure to moisture and oxygen having detrimental effects on device performance. A means of delaying the degradation of flexible PSC and OPV devices is through barrier encapsulation. Despite glass encapsulation exhibiting ideal barrier properties, the potential for flexible devices and high‐throughput R2R fabrication requires the development of flexible barrier materials and encapsulation strategies. These barriers must demonstrate outstanding moisture permeation resistance, high transparency, chemical and thermal stability, and must be able to withstand repeated mechanical deformation. Herein, the fundamental principles of PSC and OPV devices are initially discussed, highlighting the degradation mechanisms and current stability obstacles. A review of the latest flexible barrier materials and encapsulation strategies follows, introducing stability studies that have been undertaken on flexible PSCs and OPV, along with suggestions as to the direction that future research may take.

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Thermal degradation related to the PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer and back electrode of the flexible inverted organic photovoltaic module

Abstract: The hole transport layer (HTL) and back electrode play a significant role in the stability of the flexible organic photovoltaic (OPV) module.

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

Progress in Materials, Solution Processes, and Long‐Term Stability for Large‐Area Organic Photovoltaics

Progress in Materials, Solution Processes, and Long‐Term Stability for Large‐Area Organic Photovoltaics

Powering the Future: A Critical Review of Research Progress in Enhancing Stability of High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells

A Review on Emerging Barrier Materials and Encapsulation Strategies for Flexible Perovskite and Organic Photovoltaics

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