Thermal depolymerization of polystyrene in highly aromatic hydrocarbon medium

Дементьев, К. И.; Palankoev, T. A.; Алексеева, О. А.; Babkin, Iurii Alekseevich; Максимов, А. Л.

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2019.05.001

Cited by 21 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A sequence of depolymerization of polystyrene followed by hydration of styrene monomer and oxidation of resulting 1‐phenylethanol would also provide acetophenone, but at the cost of a two/three‐step‐sequence. Moreover, depolymerization of polystyrene leading to styrene monomers is a process that often involves heating to 350–400 °C and even higher temperatures to give mixtures of monomers and oligomers at best [4e–m] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐Catalyzed, Photo‐Assisted Selective Transformation of Tertiary Alkylbenzenes and Polystyrenes into Carbonyl Compounds

2022

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Every year, thousands of tons of polystyrene are produced and discarded, filling landfills and polluting the marine environment. Although several degradation alternatives have been proposed, the need for an effective procedure for the chemical recycling of polystyrene still remains. Here, a vanadium-catalyzed reaction, assisted by visible light, promoted the direct, selective conversion of tertiary alkylbenzenes into acetophenone and other ketone derivatives. Likewise, standard polystyrene sam-ples as well as polystyrenes from insulation and packaging waste could be chemically recycled into acetophenone in a scalable way regardless of their molecular weight, polydispersity, or form. Preliminary mechanistic investigations revealed the participation of singlet oxygen, superoxide, and hydroxyl radical species in this homogenously catalyzed process. Acetophenone could be used as an additive to accelerate the reaction and to increase the yields in some cases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐Catalyzed, Photo‐Assisted Selective Transformation of Tertiary Alkylbenzenes and Polystyrenes into Carbonyl Compounds

2022

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“…Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is another similar foam material, which has been used as insulation, life vests and rafts, and food containers. However, the high degradation stability and low density of polystyrene cause major problems when it is disposed of in landfills [ 61 ]. Sorting polystyrene is also a challenge task since PS is usually mixed with other types of plastic or materials in the packaging.…”

Section: Polymer Depolymerization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies demonstrated that the high selectivity toward styrene can be explained by a change in the depolymerization mechanism during the reaction in hydrocarbon media. It was first established that the direct formation of styrene dimers from a fragment of a polymer molecule in the hydrocarbon medium does not proceed; the dimers can be formed only via secondary reactions [ 61 ].…”

Section: Polymer Depolymerization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Technologies in Depolymerization Process and the Road Ahead

Jouanne

Yokochi

2021

Polymers

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Although plastic is considered an indispensable commodity, plastic pollution is a major concern around the world due to its rapid accumulation rate, complexity, and lack of management. Some political policies, such as the Chinese import ban on plastic waste, force us to think about a long-term solution to eliminate plastic wastes. Converting waste plastics into liquid and gaseous fuels is considered a promising technique to eliminate the harm to the environment and decrease the dependence on fossil fuels, and recycling waste plastic by converting it into monomers is another effective solution to the plastic pollution problem. This paper presents the critical situation of plastic pollution, various methods of plastic depolymerization based on different kinds of polymers defined in the Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI) Resin Identification Coding System, and the opportunities and challenges in the future.

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“…Polystyrene (PS) is one of the major commodity plastics widely used and commercially produced [1], with an annual production of 19.6 million tons, as of 2015, and has continued to grow ever since [2]. It is used for applications in various sectors, such as building and piping, automotive, electronics and electrical equipment, furniture and food packaging, just to mention a few [2,3]. However, due to the ever-growing demand for petroleum products, leading to depleting petroleum resources, the need to limit the use of this polymer is essential to aid in curbing the aforementioned problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Fold Enhancement in Compressive Properties of Polystyrene Foam Using Pre-delaminated Stearate Functionalized Layer Double Hydroxides

2019

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Developing an environmentally benign styrene foam is a critical environmental need. Supercritical CO 2 use in foams has proven to be a valuable path. Adding fillers to increase bubble nucleation has been pursued concurrently. A prominent filler used is high surface area fillers, such as smectic clays. However, all studies to date show a limit of 152% in compressive moduli and 260% in the compressive stress. The values, even with such gains, limit structural application. A seminal work in 1987 by Suh and Cotton proved that carbonyl linkages in calcium carbonates and CO 2 interact and impact nucleation efficiency and performance in supercritical CO 2 foams. In this paper, a high surface area clay (layer double hydroxides) which begins in an exfoliated state, then functionalized with a long chain alkyl carboxylate (stearic acid) is synthesized. The result is a remarkable multi-fold improvement to the compressive properties in comparison to polystyrene (PS); a 268% and 512% increase in compressive modulus and strength, respectively. Using a pre-delaminated approach, the higher surface area was achieved in the clays. The presence of the stearate improved the interactions between the clay galleries and PS through hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions. The glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites was observed to shift to higher values after foaming. The results point to a new path to increase performance using a pre-delaminated clay with functional groups for environmentally benign foams.

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Thermal depolymerization of polystyrene in highly aromatic hydrocarbon medium

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

Metal‐Catalyzed, Photo‐Assisted Selective Transformation of Tertiary Alkylbenzenes and Polystyrenes into Carbonyl Compounds

Metal‐Catalyzed, Photo‐Assisted Selective Transformation of Tertiary Alkylbenzenes and Polystyrenes into Carbonyl Compounds

Current Technologies in Depolymerization Process and the Road Ahead

Multi-Fold Enhancement in Compressive Properties of Polystyrene Foam Using Pre-delaminated Stearate Functionalized Layer Double Hydroxides

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