Thermal Destruction of Wastes and Plastics

Gupta, Ashwani K.; Lilley, David G.

doi:10.1002/0471721557.ch15

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Moreover, decomposition of each component depends on heating rate, temperature and the presence of contaminants due to different molecular structures [48,49]. In the pyrolysis process, the three components are not decomposed at the same time as shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Composition Of Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofuels Production through Biomass Pyrolysis —A Technological Review

et al. 2012

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There has been an enormous amount of research in recent years in the area of thermo-chemical conversion of biomass into bio-fuels (bio-oil, bio-char and bio-gas) through pyrolysis technology due to its several socio-economic advantages as well as the fact it is an efficient conversion method compared to other thermo-chemical conversion technologies. However, this technology is not yet fully developed with respect to its commercial applications. In this study, more than two hundred publications are reviewed, discussed and summarized, with the emphasis being placed on the current status of pyrolysis technology and its potential for commercial applications for bio-fuel production. Aspects of pyrolysis technology such as pyrolysis principles, biomass sources and characteristics, types of pyrolysis, pyrolysis reactor design, pyrolysis products and their characteristics and economics of bio-fuel production are presented. It is found from this study that conversion of biomass to bio-fuel has to overcome challenges such as understanding the trade-off between the size of the pyrolysis plant and feedstock, improvement of the reliability of pyrolysis reactors and processes to become viable for commercial applications. Further study is required to achieve a better understanding of the economics of biomass pyrolysis for bio-fuel production, as well as resolving issues related to the capabilities of this technology in practical application. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2012, 5 4953

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Section: Composition Of Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofuels Production through Biomass Pyrolysis —A Technological Review

et al. 2012

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“…Pyrolysis kinetics of constituents of lignocellulosic biomass has been recently studied by Chen et al (2020), kinetic models of the thermal decomposition of multiple types of lignocellulosic wastes were developed by Burra and Gupta (2019). From the thermodynamic point of view, the pyrolysis of cellulose is an endothermic process (Gupta & Lilley, 2003), while hemicellulose and lignin decompose exothermically (Dhyani & Bhaskar, 2018). Depolymerization of synthetic polymers mostly takes place by random chain scission thus yielding oligomers of varying lengths (B. Singh & Sharma, 2008).…”

Section: Thermal Transformation Character and Thermochemical Treatment Of Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of pyrolysis and gasification as waste to energy tools for low carbon economy

Porshnov

2021

WIREs Energy & Environment

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The paper aims to review the state of the art in the field of pyrolysis and gasification of waste and to identify approaches that can be prospective considering the upcoming transformation of society. The results show that the transition to a circular, low carbon economy will significantly change the composition of municipal wastes, making thermochemical approaches more and more competitive. However, it does not mean that pyrolysis and gasification will outperform incineration in the field of traditional waste to energy. Novel thermochemical waste management approaches must not be viewed as competitors, but rather as the successors of the traditional mass‐burn incineration. The transition to a circular, low carbon economy will result in an emergence of new needs, new products and thus in possibilities of new pyrolysis and gasification‐based business models different from the waste to energy concept. Negative emissions, energy storage, stabilization of renewable grids as well as renewable fuels must be mentioned as examples of such new products. Thus, thermochemical processing technologies should be embedded into the wider concept of circular, low carbon economy as the source of energy for recycling, a technology of tertiary recycling of synthetic polymers and as a way to transform nonrecyclable rejects into fuels, negative emissions, and other marketable products. This article is categorized under: Bioenergy > Systems and Infrastructure

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“…11 A typical temperature dependence of the decomposition through thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) for reed, carried out by the University of Groningen is given in Figure I. Th e total mass loss rate is plotted versus the temperature in Figure IA, while the TGA data are interpreted in terms of cellulose (almost 30%), hemicellulose (25%), and lignin (20%) in lB.…”

Section: Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast pyrolysis technology development

Venderbosch

Prins

2010

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

464

342

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While the intention of slow pyrolysis is to produce mainly charcoal, fast pyrolysis is meant to convert biomass to a maximum quantity of liquids (bio-oil). Both processes have in common that the biomass feedstock is densifi ed to reduce storage space and transport costs. A comfortable, more stable and cleaner intermediate energy carrier is obtained, which is much more uniform and well defi ned. In this review, the principles of fast pyrolysis are discussed, and the main technologies reviewed (demo scale: fl uid bed, rotating cone and vacuum pyrolysis; pilot plant: ablative and twin screw pyrolysis). Possible product applications are discussed in relation to the bio-oil properties. General mass and energy balance are provided as well, together with some remarks on the economics.Challenges for the coming years are (1) improvement of the reliability of pyrolysis reactors and processes; (2) the demonstration of the oil's utilization in boilers, engines and turbines; and (3) the development of technologies for the production of chemicals and biofuels from pyrolysis oils. One important conclusion in relation to biofuel production is that the type of oxygen functionalities (viz. as an alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, ether, or ester) in the oil should be controlled, rather then merely focusing on a reduction of just the oxygen content itself.

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Thermal Destruction of Wastes and Plastics

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Biofuels Production through Biomass Pyrolysis —A Technological Review

Biofuels Production through Biomass Pyrolysis —A Technological Review

Evolution of pyrolysis and gasification as waste to energy tools for low carbon economy

Fast pyrolysis technology development

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