Thermal disinfection of hospital wastewater in a pilot-scale continuous-flow system

Abstract

Thermal disinfection is probably the oldest water treatment method ever used. Similarly to other disinfection processes, it targets the inactivation of pathogenic (micro)organisms present in water, wastewater and other media. In this work, a pilot-scale continuous-flow thermal disinfection system was investigated using highly contaminated hospital wastewater as influent without any pre-treatment step for turbidity removal. The results proved that the tested system can be used with influent turbidity as high as 100 NTU and still provide up to log 8 microbial inactivation. Further results have shown energy consumption comparable to other commercially available thermal disinfection systems and relatively low influence on the investigated physical-chemical parameters.

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“…Turbidity can be used for the operational inspection of treatment systems and the efficiency of clarification substances used in domestic and small drinking water sources [39][40][41][42][43][44]. Turbidity exceeding 1-2 NTU decreases the efficiency of chlorination by rising chlorine requirement and possibly shielding microorganisms from inactivation [45][46]. Moreover, turbidity can reduce the efficiency of ultraviolet (UV) light disinfection by decreasing UV light transmission or by protecting microorganisms from inactivation [47][48][49][50][51][52][53].…”

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“…Typically, the inactivation mechanisms are based on damaging the protein structures. Indeed, when the temperature of microbial proteins is raised, they break down or become denatured [21] . Thermal surface disinfection typically enables moist heat to be delivered directly to contaminated surfaces by steam generators.…”

“…Typically,t he inactivation mechanisms are based on damaging the protein structures.I ndeed, when the temperature of microbial proteins is raised,t hey break down or become denatured. [21] Thermals urfacedisinfection typicallye nables moist heatt ob ed elivered directly to contaminated surfaces by steam generators.T he heat delivered to surfaces by the steam (uniform heating), besidesb eing chemical-free, is strongly germicidal and, for this reason, it is routinelyu sed to disinfectc riticalm edical equipment. TheC OVID-19 outbreak has pointed out the weakness we are facing in terms of global shortageo ff ace masks.…”