Thermal effect on the development and reproduction of an indigenous mirid bug, Pilophorus typicus Distant (Heteroptera: Miridae), a potential biological control agent in Japan

Summary In species with complex life cycles, population dynamics result from a combination of intrinsic cycles arising from delays in the operation of negative density-dependent processes (e.g., intraspecific competition) and extrinsic fluctuations arising from seasonal variation in the abiotic environment. Abiotic variation can affect species directly through their life history traits and indirectly by modulating the species’ interactions with resources or natural enemies.We investigate how the interplay between density-dependent dynamics and abiotic variability affects population dynamics of the bordered plant bug (Largus californicus), a Hemipteran herbivore inhabiting the California coastal sage scrub community. Field data show a striking pattern in abundance: adults are extremely abundant or nearly absent during certain periods of the year, leading us to predict that seasonal forcing plays a role in driving observed dynamics.We develop a stage-structured population model with variable developmental delays, in which fecundity is affected by both intra-specific competition and temporal variation in resource availability and all life history traits (reproduction, development, mortality) are temperature-dependent. We parameterize the model with experimental data on temperature-responses of life history and competitive traits and validate the model with independent field census data.We find that intra-specific competition is strongest at temperatures optimal for reproduction, which theory predicts leads to more complex population dynamics. Our model predicts that while temperature or resource variability interact with development-induced delays in self-limitation to generate population fluctuations, it is the interplay between all three factors that drive the observed dynamics. Considering how multiple abiotic factors interact with density-dependent processes is important both for understanding how species persist in variable environments and predicting species’ responses to perturbations in their typical environment.

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“…; Nishikawa et al . ), and interaction traits, such as competition coefficients and attack rates (Zamani et al . ; Dannon et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and resource variation on insect population dynamics: the bordered plant bug as a case study

et al. 2015

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“…In comparison to other mirid species, the thermal threshold for P. gallicus eggs (12.43°C) was higher than for N. tenuis (10.3°C), M. pygmaeus (6.92−7.61°C), M. caliginosus (7.9−9.5°C) and D. hesperus (7.3°C) (Hart et al ; Perdikis & Lykouressis ; Gillespie et al ; Sanchez et al ), similar to that of O. laevigatus (12.8°C) (Sanchez & Lacasa ) and lower than for Orius albidipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) (14.4°C) (Sanchez & Lacasa ). In the same way, the thermal threshold for nymphal development (N1 to Adult) for P. gallicus (12.01°C) was higher than for M. pygmaeus (8.23−9.19°C), M. caliginosus (7.2−8.1°C) and D. hesperus (7.8−8.01°C) (Hart et al ; Perdikis & Lykouressis ; Gillespie et al ), similar to that of P. typicus (egg to adult: 12.0−12.1°C), N. tenuis (11.7°C) and O. laevigatus (egg to adult: 11.3°C) and lower than for O. albidipennis (egg to adult: 14.2°C) (Sanchez & Lacasa ; Sanchez et al ; Nishikawa et al ). The thermal requirements (k) for P. gallicus eggs (152.70 DD) and the nymphal period (198.94 DD) were higher than those of N. tenuis (eggs: 148 DD; nymphs: 182.3 DD), O. albidipennis (egg to adult: 212.8 DD) and O. laevigatus (egg to adult: 285.7 DD) (Sanchez & Lacasa ; Sanchez et al ), but lower than those of M. pygmaeus (eggs: 182 DD; nymphs: 253 DD), M. caliginosus (eggs: 184.4 DD; nymphs: 270.3 DD) and D. hesperus (eggs: 227.2−231.9 DD; nymphs: 274.4−301.9 DD) (Hart et al ; Perdikis & Lykouressis ; Gillespie et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Low temperature (15°C) reduced development rates, increased mortality in the pre‐imaginal instars and lowered daily oviposition rates. Nishikawa et al () reported high nymphal mortality for P. typicus at 17.5 and 30°C, but similar hatching rates for all the temperatures assayed. The increase in temperature from 15 to 30°C shortened by almost six times the egg hatching and nymphal development times, but at 30°C the egg hatching rates, nymphal survival, adult weight, fecundity and fertility declined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The thermal requirements (k) for P. gallicus eggs (152.70 DD) and the nymphal period (198.94 DD) were higher than those of N. tenuis (eggs: 148 DD; nymphs: 182.3 DD), O. albidipennis (egg to adult: 212.8 DD) and O. laevigatus (egg to adult: 285.7 DD) (Sanchez & Lacasa ; Sanchez et al ), but lower than those of M. pygmaeus (eggs: 182 DD; nymphs: 253 DD), M. caliginosus (eggs: 184.4 DD; nymphs: 270.3 DD) and D. hesperus (eggs: 227.2−231.9 DD; nymphs: 274.4−301.9 DD) (Hart et al ; Perdikis & Lykouressis ; Gillespie et al ). Pilophorus typicus has thermal requirements (egg to adult: 357.1 DD) similar to those of P. gallicus (Nishikawa et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Macrolophus melanotoma (Costa)], Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur, Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter and Pilophorus typicus Distant. These species have differing levels of thermophilia but all of them are able to develop and reproduce between 15°C and 30°C (Fauvel et al ; Perdikis & Lykouressis ,b; Sanchez et al ; Nishikawa et al ). Knowledge of the performance of natural enemies as a function of temperature may help to predict their population dynamics and periods of arrested development and reproduction (Van den Meiracker ; Hart et al ; Sanchez & Lacasa ; Bahşi & Tunç ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal effects on the biological parameters of the predatory mirid Pilophorus gallicus (Hemiptera: Miridae)

Ramírez‐Soria

López‐Gallego

Sánchez

2017

Entomological Science

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Pilophorus gallicus Remane (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a predatory mirid reported in deciduous trees in the western Mediterranean area. This work aimed to determine the biological and demographic parameters for this species at different temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30°C). Egg hatching times shortened from 57.8 days at 15°C to 9.2 days at 30°C, and nymphal development times declined from 62.8 days at 15°C to 11.1 days at 30°C. The hatching and nymphal survival rates were low at 15 and 30°C. The lower thermal thresholds for the egg and nymphal development were 12.4 and 12.0°C, respectively. These high thermal thresholds could be a safety mechanism to avoid the emergence of nymphs in the unfavorable winter period. Female weight increased between 15 and 25°C and decreased at 30°C. The fecundity increased from 70.2 eggs per female at 15°C to 212.4 eggs per female at 25°C, and decreased to 88.5 eggs per female at 30°C. Fertility ranged from 9.4% at 15°C to 40.9% at 25°C, being 24.9% at 30°C. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) rose from 0.001 to 0.081 between 15 and 25°C and decreased to 0.05 at 30°C. In summary, this species performs poorly at low temperatures and has a relative tolerance of high temperatures (30°C); its performance was best at 25°C. Knowledge of the variation in the biological parameters with temperature may be very useful for the understanding of its ecology and population dynamics.

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Population growth of three mirid predatory bugs feeding on eggs and larvae of Tuta absoluta on tomato

et al. 2016

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Thermal effect on the development and reproduction of an indigenous mirid bug, Pilophorus typicus Distant (Heteroptera: Miridae), a potential biological control agent in Japan

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of temperature and resource variation on insect population dynamics: the bordered plant bug as a case study

Effects of temperature and resource variation on insect population dynamics: the bordered plant bug as a case study

Thermal effects on the biological parameters of the predatory mirid Pilophorus gallicus (Hemiptera: Miridae)

Population growth of three mirid predatory bugs feeding on eggs and larvae of Tuta absoluta on tomato

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