Thermal effects of electromagnetic radiation on the skin tissue by considering fourth‐order MGT bioheat model

Abstract

Understanding the biothermal response of skin tissue exposed to electromagnetic (EM) radiation and variable thermal fields is crucial for mitigating risks associated with such exposures. This knowledge can empower the development of safe and efficacious evidence‐based treatments for various skin conditions within the medical field. This study employs the fourth‐order Moore–Gibson–Thomson (MGT) concept to establish a theoretical framework for biothermal analysis. This investigation aims to elucidate the biothermal response of skin tissues to EM radiation. The developed model facilitates the prediction of thermal reactions within human skin and the subsequent evaluation of bioheat transfer efficiency in biological tissues. The proposed model is implemented on a one‐dimensional representation of a skin layer and incorporates the effects of an induced electric field and a time‐harmonic heat source. Additionally, a linear dependence of metabolic heat generation on tissue temperature is considered. By employing Laplace transforms, the analytical solutions for tissue temperature are presented. The derived analytical solutions are compared with established theories to assess the accuracy of the proposed model. The results reveal that the modified MGT bioheat transfer model predicts lower temperatures compared to the conventional Pennes model, attributable to the incorporation of the thermal relaxation time constant.