Thermal energy harvesting through pyroelectricity

Cuadras, A.; Gasulla, Manel; Ferrari, Vittorio

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2009.12.018

Cited by 298 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Assuming that during one cycle of cooling or heating process, the pyroelectric effect-induced charge is Q T . In a random nth cycle, the charge is distributed between the internal and external capacitors (Cuadras et al, 2010), which is expressed as…”

Section: Soedjatmikomentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy harvesting from pavement via polyvinylidene fluoride: hybrid piezo-pyroelectric effects

Tao

2016

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A

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Abstract:In the USA, there are over 4 million miles (6 million km) of roadways and more than 250 million registered vehicles. Energy lost in the pavement system due to traffic-induced vibration and deformation is enormous. If effectively harvested, such energy can serve as an alternative sustainable energy source that can be easily integrated into the transportation system. It is well known that most piezoelectric materials are also pyroelectric materials, which convert temperature change into electricity. However, the potential of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a hybrid piezo-pyroelectric energy harvester has been seldom studied. The uniqueness of this study lies in that the electrical responses of PVDF under coupled mechanical and thermal stimulations are investigated. Through a series of well controlled experiments, it is found that there exists an interesting coupling phenomenon between piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects of PVDF: the voltage generated by simultaneous mechanical and thermal stimulations is the algebraic sum of voltages generated by separate stimulations. This means that there is neither strengthening nor weakening coupling effect when the piezoelectric and pyroelectric phenomena are coupled. This also makes the modeling process of the hybrid piezoelectric and pyroelectric effect straightforward. An estimation of power generation through piezoelectric and pyroelectric effect is conducted, and the overall effects of temperature on hybrid piezo-pyroelectric energy harvesting are discussed.

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Section: Soedjatmikomentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy harvesting from pavement via polyvinylidene fluoride: hybrid piezo-pyroelectric effects

Tao

2016

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A

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“…Direct energy conversion using thermoelectric generators mainly relies on the Seebeck effect to convert a steady-state temperature difference between two dissimilar metals or semiconductors into electrical energy. Thermoelectric generators need a temperature difference, as they cannot work in an environment with spatially uniform and time-dependent temperature fluctuations [1]. Alternatively, pyroelectric devices directly convert temperature fluctuations into electrical energy [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermoelectric generators need a temperature difference, as they cannot work in an environment with spatially uniform and time-dependent temperature fluctuations [1]. Alternatively, pyroelectric devices directly convert temperature fluctuations into electrical energy [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Pyroelectric materials have the potential to operate with high thermodynamic efficiency and, compared to thermoelectric generators, do not require bulky heat sinks to maintain the temperature gradient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advances in materials and in thermal-electrical cycling methods are expected to provide low cost and high-power-density electrical generators [8]. When a pyroelectric element is subjected to a power density radiation (W) causing a temperature variation (dT), the induced charge (dQ, units: μC) is released by the electrode area (A) of the element due to a decrease in polarization, as presented by [1,9]: dQ = η × P × A × dT (1) where η is the absorption coefficient of radiation; A is the electrode area; dT/dt is the temperature variation rate of the pyroelectric materials; Q is the induced charge; and P (units: μCm…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) is the pyroelectric coefficient of the pyroelectric materials, as presented by [1,9]: P = dPs/dT (2) where Ps is the magnitude of the electrical polarization vector. Pyroelectric elements, such as flat-plate capacitors, are sandwiched in between the top and bottom electrodes, and poled along the axis perpendicular to the plates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyroelectric Harvesters for Generating Cyclic Energy

Hsiao

Jhang

2015

Energies

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Pyroelectric energy conversion is a novel energy process which directly transforms waste heat energy from cyclic heating into electricity via the pyroelectric effect. Application of a periodic temperature profile to pyroelectric cells is necessary to achieve temperature variation rates for generating an electrical output. The critical consideration in the periodic temperature profile is the frequency or work cycle which is related to the properties and dimensions of the air layer; radiation power and material properties, as well as the dimensions and structure of the pyroelectric cells. This article aims to optimize pyroelectric harvesters by matching all these requirements. The optimal induced charge per period increases about 157% and the efficient period band decreases about 77%, when the thickness of the PZT cell decreases from 200 μm to 50 μm, about a 75% reduction. Moreover, when using the thinner PZT cell for harvesting the pyroelectric energy it is not easy to focus on a narrow band with the efficient period. However, the optimal output voltage and stored energy per period decrease about 50% and 74%, respectively, because the electrical capacitance of the 50 μm thick pyroelectric cell is about four times greater than that of the 200 μm thick pyroelectric cell. In addition, an experiment is used to verify that the work cycle to be able to critically affect the efficiency of PZT pyroelectric harvesters. Periods in the range between 3.6 s and 12.2 s are useful for harvesting thermal cyclic energy by pyroelectricity. The optimal frequency or work cycle can be applied in the design of a rotating shutter in order to control the heated and unheated periods of the pyroelectric cells to further enhance the amount of stored energy.

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Microcantilever‐Based Nano‐Electro‐Mechanical Sensor Systems: Characterization, Instrumentation, and Applications

Patil

Rao

2015

Materials and Failures in MEMS and NEMS

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Thermal energy harvesting through pyroelectricity

Cited by 298 publications

References 28 publications

Energy harvesting from pavement via polyvinylidene fluoride: hybrid piezo-pyroelectric effects

Energy harvesting from pavement via polyvinylidene fluoride: hybrid piezo-pyroelectric effects

Pyroelectric Harvesters for Generating Cyclic Energy

Microcantilever‐Based Nano‐Electro‐Mechanical Sensor Systems: Characterization, Instrumentation, and Applications

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