Thermal Environment and Swine Nutrition

Dividich, Jean Le; Noblet, Jean; Milgen, Jaap van

doi:10.1201/9781420041842.ch23

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…This finding agrees with present data indicating a similar 9% reduction in growth rate during the warm season in the tropics, as compared to the cool one. It is well known that in pigs fed ad libitum, the increase in ambient temperature induces a reduction in carcass fatness [17,23,25,31], when the animals are given a protein balanced diet [19,32]. These findings are consistent with present data obtained in the tropical climate showing a reduction in backfat thickness whatever the season and the lowest fat percentage during the warm season.…”

Section: Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of tropical climate and season on growth, chemical composition of muscle and adipose tissue and meat quality in pigs

Rinaldo¹,

Mourot

2001

Anim. Res.

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-The effects of tropical climate and season on growth performance, meat quality and chemical composition of muscle and adipose tissue were determined on ad libitum fed Large White pigs. Individually housed animals placed in a tropical climate in a semi-open room were compared to those kept in a climatic room at constant 20 °C and 75% relative humidity (control climate, CC). During the cool season in the tropical climate (CTC), the ambient temperature averaged 24.8 ± 3.6 °C and relative humidity was 83 ± 14%. Corresponding figures for the warm season in the tropical climate (WTC) were 27.9 ± 3.0 °C and 81 ± 12%, respectively. The voluntary feed intake (VFI) of animals reared in CTC weighing between 35 and 94 kg decreased by 9% (P < 0.001), as compared to CC. In WTC, VFI of the 35 to 94 kg animals decreased by 13% (P < 0.001) and average daily gain by 12% (P < 0.01), as compared to CC, whereas their carcasses were leaner at slaughter (P < 0.05). Ultimate pH of muscles longissimus dorsi (P < 0.01) and biceps femoris (P < 0.05) was higher in the tropical climate than in CC whereas moisture loss of the biceps femoris and semispinalis muscles was lower (P < 0.05). The lipid content of leaf fat declined in WTC (P < 0.05), as compared to CC. Exposition to the tropical climate resulted in a lower lipid content of the outer layer of backfat (P < 0.05) and a higher degree of unsaturation of fat in the entire backfat (P < 0.01), as compared to CC. Neither the chemical composition of backfat inner layer and M. longissimus dorsi nor the degree of unsaturation of lipids in the latter were significantly altered by the environment. The results suggest that tropical climate may have a favourable influence on pork quality. growing pig / tropical environment / skeletal muscle / adipose tissue / meat quality Résumé -Influence du climat tropical et de la saison sur la composition chimique des muscles et des tissus adipeux et la qualité de viande du porc en croissance. Un essai a été mené pour déterminer les effets du climat tropical sur les performances de croissance, la composition chimique des muscles et des tissus adipeux et la qualité de la viande de porcs Large White. Au total 40 femelles

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Section: Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of tropical climate and season on growth, chemical composition of muscle and adipose tissue and meat quality in pigs

Rinaldo¹,

Mourot

2001

Anim. Res.

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“…Nutrition is the main factor through which the lipid and FA deposition in pigs may be altered, even if other factors such as genotype, sex, age, slaughter weight and environmental temperature also affect lipid and the FA content (e.g. Wood, 1984; Lebret & Mourot, 1998; Le Dividich et al 1998). Although numerous studies have been carried out studying the relation between nutrition and the FA composition of tissues (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Deposition of dietary fatty acids,de novosynthesis and anatomical partitioning of fatty acids in finishing pigs

2007

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Predicting aspects of pork quality becomes increasingly important from both a nutritional and technological point of view. The aim of the present study was to provide quantitative information on the relation between nutrient intake and whole-body fatty acid (FA) deposition. This information is essential to develop mechanistic models predicting the FA content of tissues. A serial slaughter study was carried out in which thirty pigs were slaughtered between 90 and 150 kg. The diet included 15 g/kg soyabean oil and contained 44 g/kg fat. Only 0·31 and 0·40 of the digested n-6 and n-3 FA were deposited, respectively. Approximately one-third of the n-3 supply that was deposited resulted from the conversion of 18 : 3 to other metabolites (i.e. EPA, docosapentaenoic acid and DHA). This proportion was affected by the pig genotype. De novo-synthesised FA represented 0·86 of the total non-essential FA deposition, and its average composition corresponded to 0·017, 0·286, 0·025, 0·217 and 0·454 for 14 : 0, 16 : 0, 16 : 1, 18 : 0 and 18 : 1, respectively. Although the average whole-body FA composition was relatively constant during the finishing period, this was not so for the tissues. In the carcass (without backfat), the content of 18 : 1 increased during the finishing period, whereas that of 16 : 0 and 18 : 0 decreased. Backfat captured a proportionally greater fraction of 18 : 2 than did the carcass or the residual tissues. In contrast, a proportionally greater fraction of the dietary 18 : 3 supply was deposited in the carcass compared to other tissues.

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“…flare fat (Kouba et al 2001). The change in fat distribution in these heat-exposed pigs would appear to increase heat loss and represents an adaptation to high ambient temperature (Le Dividich et al 1998;Kouba et al 2001). Heatexposed chickens also exhibit enhanced fat deposition (Ain Baziz et al 1990).…”

Section: Body Growthmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As a consequence, plasma triglyceride uptake and storage is facilitated in the adipose tissues, which results in greater fatness (Kouba et al 2001). Increased fatness in long-term heat-exposed pigs was accompanied by the changes in the distribution of adipose tissues: a shift of body fat toward internal sites (Le Dividich et al 1998), an increased weight of flare fat, and increased ratio of flare fat:back fat ? flare fat (Kouba et al 2001).…”

Section: Body Growthmentioning

confidence: 98%

Heat Stress Impact on Livestock Production

Daramola¹,

Abioja²,

Onagbesan³

2012

Environmental Stress and Amelioration in Livestock Production

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The effects of heat stress on several aspects of animal production are well documented. Heat stress results from the animal's inability to dissipate sufficient heat to maintain homeothermy. High ambient temperature, relative humidity, and radiant energy compromise the ability of animals to dissipate heat. As a result, there is an increase in body temperature, which in turn initiates compensatory and adaptive mechanisms to re-establish homeothermy and homeostasis. Heat stress could affect animal production and well-being, especially because of increase in air temperature. Heat stress is very common and on the increase particularly in the tropics. There is considerable research evidence that shows significant decline in animal performance when subjected to heat stress. Heat stress inflicts heavy economic losses on livestock production. The effects of heat stress is evident in feed consumption, production efficiency in terms of milk yield or weight gain per unit of feed energy, growth rate, egg production, and reproductive efficiency. The physiologic mechanisms underlying the action of heat stress on the decline of production performance of domestic animals have not been fully investigated. Heat stress requires further investigation, and the elucidation of the mechanisms may facilitate adoption of comprehensive preventive and control measures to combat heat stress in domestic animals. This chapter examines heat stress and its negative impacts on livestock production. It elucidates the general negative effects of heat stress on physiologic and production parameters of domestic livestock. The mechanisms involved when animals are subjected to heat stress and impacts of heat stress on domestic animals are emphasized. An understanding of these mechanisms may result in the development of improved techniques for enhancing livestock productivity in tropical environments.

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Thermal Environment and Swine Nutrition

Cited by 6 publications

References 106 publications

Effects of tropical climate and season on growth, chemical composition of muscle and adipose tissue and meat quality in pigs

Effects of tropical climate and season on growth, chemical composition of muscle and adipose tissue and meat quality in pigs

Deposition of dietary fatty acids,de novosynthesis and anatomical partitioning of fatty acids in finishing pigs

Heat Stress Impact on Livestock Production

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