Thermal environment simulation for three dimensional replacement of urban activity

Urano, Akira; Ichinose, Toshiaki; Hanaki, Keisuke

doi:10.1016/s0167-6105(99)00017-3

Cited by 38 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Sievers (1990) modified the turbulence length scale and exchange coefficient based on wall-area density. For models with higherorder turbulence closure schemes, an additional source term is added to the TKE equation (Maruyama, 1999;Urano et al, 1999). Concerning thermal effects, recent models move some or all anthropogenic heat from the surface energy budget to the prognostic atmospheric thermodynamic equation (Ca et al, 1999;Taha, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Martilli's urban boundary layer scheme with measurements from two mid-latitude European cities

Hamdi

Schayes

2007

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Martilli's urban parameterization scheme is improved and implemented in a mesoscale model in order to take into account the typical effects of a real city on the air temperature near the ground and on the surface exchange fluxes. The mesoscale model is run on a single column using atmospheric data and radiation recorded above roof level as forcing. Here, the authors validate Martilli's urban boundary layer scheme using measurements from two mid-latitude European cities: Basel, Switzerland and Marseilles, France. For Basel, the model performance is evaluated with observations of canyon temperature, surface radiation, and energy balance fluxes obtained during the Basel urban boundary layer experiment (BUBBLE). The results show that the urban parameterization scheme represents correctly most of the behavior of the fluxes typical of the city center of Basel, including the large heat uptake by the urban fabric and the positive sensible heat flux at night. For Marseilles, the model performance is evaluated with observations of surface temperature, canyon temperature, surface radiation, and energy balance fluxes collected during the field experiments to constrain models of atmospheric pollution and transport of emissions (ESCOMPTE) and its urban boundary layer (UBL) campaign. At both urban sites, vegetation cover is less than 20%, therefore, particular attention was directed to the ability of Martilli's urban boundary layer scheme to reproduce the observations for the Marseilles city center, where the urban parameters and the synoptic forcing are totally different from Basel. Evaluation of the model with wall, road, and roof surface temperatures gave good results. The model correctly simulates the net radiation, canyon temperature, and the partitioning between the turbulent and storage heat fluxes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Martilli's urban boundary layer scheme with measurements from two mid-latitude European cities

Hamdi

Schayes

2007

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The amount of solar energy stored in a unit area depends on the structure, materials, and distribution of buildings, and the anthropogenic energy discharge depends on the distribution of human activity. Recently, urban heat island analyses using meteorological mesoscale models have been conducted with a 1-2 km grid interval Urano et al, 1999). These mesoscale models treat a grid area as homogeneous, and their ground surface is usually of the slab-type (Kusaka et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Multi-Layer Urban Canopy Model for the Analysis of Energy Consumption in a Big City: Structure of the Urban Canopy Model and its Basic Performance

Kumakura

Genchi

Kikegawa

et al. 2005

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

180

101

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A multilayer one-dimensional canopy model was developed to analyze the relationship between urban warming and the increase in energy consumption in a big city. The canopy model, which consists of one-dimensional diffusion equations with a drag force, has three major parameters: building width, distance between buildings, and vertical floor density distribution, which is the distribution of a ratio of the number of the buildings that are taller than some level to all the buildings in the area under consideration. In addition, a simplified radiative process in the canopy is introduced. Both the drag force of the buildings and the radiative process depend on the floor density distribution. The thermal characteristics of an urban canopy including the effects of anthropogenic heat are very complicated. Therefore, the focus of this research is mainly on the basic performance of an urban canopy without anthropogenic heat. First, the basic thermal characteristics of the urban canopy alone were investigated. The canopy model was then connected with a three-dimensional mesoscale meteorological model, and on-line calculations were performed for 10 and 11 August, 2002 in Tokyo, Japan. The temperature near the ground surface at the bottom of the canopy was considerably improved by the calculation with the canopy model. However, a small difference remained between the calculation and the observation for minimum temperature. Deceleration of the wind was well reproduced for the velocity at the top of the building by the calculation with the canopy model, in which the floor density distribution was considered.

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“…Thus, in the regression in the Appendix A, we excluded these variables to avoid the multicollinearity problems). Instead, the variable of number of cars which was identified to be significant in the regression analysis was included as one of the attributes for the choice experiment [4,44]. In the questionnaire, based on the regression analysis, we explained the relationships between urban temperature and selected attributes for the choice experiment as follows, in order to help the respondents to understand the questionnaire.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metropolitan Residents’ Preferences and Willingness to Pay for a Life Zone Forest for Mitigating Heat Island Effects during Summer Season in Korea

2016

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Abstract:Coupled with green house effects, the urban heat island is occurring more frequently, and thus is becoming a serious social problem. In order to elicit policy implications, the current study assesses the economic values on the heat island-mitigating functions of urban forest through choice experiments. The analytical results suggest that metropolitan city residents' utility can be increased by raising the size of life zone forests which is comprised of street trees, parks in residential regions, and small forests in school zones. The derived marginal willingness to pay for the life zone forests suggest that the respondents are willing to pay $56.68-76.59 for every increase of the urban forest by 1 m 2 .

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Thermal environment simulation for three dimensional replacement of urban activity

Cited by 38 publications

References 6 publications

Validation of Martilli's urban boundary layer scheme with measurements from two mid-latitude European cities

Validation of Martilli's urban boundary layer scheme with measurements from two mid-latitude European cities

Development of a Multi-Layer Urban Canopy Model for the Analysis of Energy Consumption in a Big City: Structure of the Urban Canopy Model and its Basic Performance

Metropolitan Residents’ Preferences and Willingness to Pay for a Life Zone Forest for Mitigating Heat Island Effects during Summer Season in Korea

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