“…Modeling methods adopted mainly include: finite difference method [5,6], thermal resistance network method [3,4,7,16], bond graph method [18,19], and finite element method [8-15, 17, 20, 23-27]. In their studies, temperature distribution and thermal deformation were calculated using the above methods [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Experimental research includes two aspects: one is measuring temperature rise of spindles by temperature sensors or thermal imagers [3, 4, 7-18, 20, 21, 23, 25-28]; another is measuring thermal deformation using displacement sensors [8-18, 20, 22, 24-26, 28].…”