Thermal estimation of natural source zone depletion rates without background correction

Askarani, Kayvan Karimi; Sale, Tom

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.115245

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…At a mean water table depth of 8.0 m bgs, the low-k zone is located within the range of natural groundwater table fluctuations. However, there is no inflow of atmospheric oxygen to the low-k zone due to an overlying layer of methane from anoxic hydrocarbon biodegradation, where methanotrophic microorganisms use any downward-diffusing oxygen as electron acceptor . This was reflected by a concentration of 2.18 mg/kg of methane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energy & Fuels trophic microorganisms use any downward-diffusing oxygen as electron acceptor. 7 This was reflected by a concentration of 2.18 mg/kg of methane. In contrast, the transmissive zone experiences a constant influx of dissolved oxygen from the nearby river.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Spills can range in size from 10s to 100 000s of cubic meters at various sites from retail to refining facilities. Typically, a substantial share of subsurface light nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) are biodegraded anaerobically to CO 2 and CH 4 through natural source zone depletion (NSZD) processes. − Biogenic gases migrate upward through off-gassing and ebullition to the vadose zone where the methane is mineralized by methanotrophs using downward-diffusing atmospheric oxygen. − The fate of subsurface petroleum liquids follows the short-term carbon cycle wherein C–H bonds are iteratively replaced with C–O bonds and ultimately oxidized to CO 2 , which cycles back into organic compounds via photosynthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discovery of Oxygenated Hydrocarbon Biodegradation Products at a Late-Stage Petroleum Release Site

et al. 2021

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The late stage of petroleum hydrocarbon releases to the subsurface is an evolving but largely unexplored concept. Herein, transmissive aquifer zones with little remaining petroleum liquids become attenuation zones for dissolved organic species released from low-permeability (low-k) zones via back diffusion. To address the knowledge gaps surrounding these subsurface zones, we explored a 40-year-old depleted petroleum body at a former refinery through high-resolution chemical and biomolecular analyses of a cryogenically collected soil core. 16S rRNA gene transcript-based analyses of active microbial communities uncovered predominately aerobic bacteria in the transmissive zone in contrast to anaerobic fermenting bacteria and methanogenic archaea in the low-k zone. Unexpectedly, Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analyses revealed a substantially higher degree of oxygenation in the petroleum biodegradation metabolites from the anoxic low-k zone compared to species in the oxic transmissive zone. Likely, a small diffusive influx of molecular oxygen enables limited aerobic metabolism in the low-k zone, while more abundant O 2 in the transmissive zone promotes rapid aerobic biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons without the accumulation of highly oxygenated intermediates. While much remains to be uncovered, our work is a critical first step toward enabling better-informed decision making regarding best management practices for late-stage petroleum hydrocarbonimpacted sites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discovery of Oxygenated Hydrocarbon Biodegradation Products at a Late-Stage Petroleum Release Site

et al. 2021

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“…However, our objective in "Measurement Techniques" was to report data from four different NSZD methods and the associated data analysis techniques rather than provide an extensive literature review such as Garg et al (2017), a paper with over 90 references. We did not use the methods described in Askarani et al (2018) and Askarani and Sale (2020) or review other commercially-available methods to measure carbon dioxide flux. Finally, it appears Rayner et al 2020 was published in March 2020, two months after we submitted our original paper.…”

Section: Deficiencies In Referencing Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reply to Comments in Response to Peer‐Reviewed Technical Note “Application of Four Measurement Techniques to Understand Natural Source Zone Depletion Processes at an LNAPL Site” (Kirkman, Zimbron)

Kulkarni¹,

Newell²,

Garg³

2020

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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“…In the vadose zone, transport of generated heat by NSZD occurs vertically through conduction (Karimi Askarani et al 2018). Thermal conductivity is a vital parameter used to transform measured subsurface temperature data to NSZD rates (Askarani and Sale 2020). The results of a sensitivity analysis reported by Stockwell (2015) indicate that variation of thermal conductivity by 20% leads to a 16% difference in estimated NSZD rates obtained using subsurface temperature data compared to a base case scenario.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method to Estimate Thermal Conductivity of Subsurface Media

Askarani¹,

Gallo²,

Kirkman³

et al. 2020

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

Self Cite

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Thermal conductivity is an essential parameter in heat transfer models including soil‐water systems. Herein, an Internet of Things (IoT) tool and a computational method are advanced for vertically resolving in situ thermal conductivity values in soil‐groundwater systems. A demonstrative application of this approach at a former petroleum refinery is presented. A line heat source is co‐located with a vertical string of in situ temperature sensors. Five‐minute multiple level temperature data were collected before, during, and after a 100‐min long heating period. Vertically distributed temperature data are transformed into vertically discretized thermal conductivity values using an analytical solution. Results fall in the range of thermal conductivity values reported in the literature. Specifically, estimated thermal conductivity values from 0.3 to 7.3 m below ground surface range between 0.7 and 5.4 (W/m/C) with the highest values occurring in media with greater water content. Overall, the advanced method in this study provides a pragmatic approach for vertically resolving subsurface thermal conductivity values applicable for many scientific disciplines.

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Thermal estimation of natural source zone depletion rates without background correction

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Discovery of Oxygenated Hydrocarbon Biodegradation Products at a Late-Stage Petroleum Release Site

Discovery of Oxygenated Hydrocarbon Biodegradation Products at a Late-Stage Petroleum Release Site

Reply to Comments in Response to Peer‐Reviewed Technical Note “Application of Four Measurement Techniques to Understand Natural Source Zone Depletion Processes at an LNAPL Site” (Kirkman, Zimbron)

Method to Estimate Thermal Conductivity of Subsurface Media

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