Thermal Evaluation of a Novel Integrated System Based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Combined Heat and Power Production Using Ammonia as Fuel

Duong, Phan Anh; Ryu, Borim; Jung, Jinwon; Kang, Hokeun

doi:10.3390/app12126287

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In comparison with other fuel types [12,32,38,39] and reported model [37] by LNG, the LPG system showed lower performance efficiency [20,22]. This can be explained by more longer and complicated reformation procedure of LPG inside the SOFC [40] resulting in the uncompleted electrochemical reaction inside SOFC [18].…”

Section: Modeling Verificationmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The temperature-dependent nature of equilibrium constants for reforming and shifting processes allows their determination through the following equation [12]:…”

Section: Reformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among fuel cell types, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) [9,10] prove particularly advantageous for ships. It not only reduces emission pollution and noise but also provides the flexibility to comply with environmental regulations, making them the most commercially viable option for the maritime industry [11,12]. SOFC, as a high-temperature fuel cell, demonstrates the capability to generate substantial highpotential exhaust heat, which contributes to its enhanced energy efficiency [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Designation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Integrated System Using LPG as Fuel for Marine Vessels

Duong,

Ryu,

Jung

et al. 2024

International Journal of Energy Research

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This research showcases the seamless integration of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) with waste heat recovery systems, utilizing liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as the primary fuel source. The focus of the study is on efficiently harnessing the cold energy from the LPG supply to produce substantial power for the entire system. To optimize energy utilization, a gas turbine (GT) and steam Rankine cycle (SRC) are integrated to effectively convert waste heat from the system into useful work and power. Additionally, a waste heat boiler (WHB) is incorporated to provide superheated vapor steam for seafarer accommodation. A detailed thermodynamic analysis and investigation of the proposed integrated system are performed. The simulations and optimizations of combined system are conducted using ASPEN HYSYS V12.1. Thermodynamic equations based on the fundamental laws of thermodynamics are employed to estimate system performance indicators, and the exergy destruction in major components is assessed to optimize the system’s design and operation. The proposed system exhibits impressive energy and exergy efficiencies, calculated at 52.65% and 51.10%, respectively. Moreover, the waste heat recovery combined cycles contribute an additional 1,759.73 kW, equivalent to 31.65% of the total system output. The innovative models are validated against experimental data from the literature, demonstrating strong agreement. Furthermore, a comprehensive parametric study investigates the influence of varying the current density from 900 to 1,950 A/m2, leading to a total energy efficiency variation of 41.59%, ranging from 82.45% to 40.86%. The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) performs exceptionally well, capitalizing on both cold energy and high-temperature waste heat to achieve high energy recovery efficiency. The WHB is capable of providing 8,200 kg/h of superheated vapor stream at 151°C and 499 kPa for seafarer accommodation and heating purposes. The economic viability analysis is conducted to assess the potential for investment, maintenance costs, and the payback period associated with the proposed system.

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Section: Modeling Verificationmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The temperature-dependent nature of equilibrium constants for reforming and shifting processes allows their determination through the following equation [12]:…”

Section: Reformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Novel Designation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Integrated System Using LPG as Fuel for Marine Vessels

Duong,

Ryu,

Jung

et al. 2024

International Journal of Energy Research

Self Cite

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“…Also, other applications of LNG cold energy were reported in the literature. Duong et al 30 coupled ORC, fuel cells, a steam Rankine cycle, and a gas turbine to capture CO 2 using LNG cold energy. They reported energy and exergy efficiencies of 68.76% and 33.58%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3E analysis of a multi‐power generation system employing CO₂, LNG, and Organic Rankine cycles

Dadpour,

Deymi‐Dashtebayaz,

Delpisheh

et al. 2024

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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One avenue in increasing the energy efficiency of energy systems is through utilizing the thermal energy of flue gases of industrial plants. On this thread, herein, a novel combined cascade cycle for heat recovery of flue gases of an industrial plant is proposed comprising of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC), high‐pressure transcritical CO2 cycle, transcritical CO2 cycle, and a liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification cycle. System analysis is conducted using energy, exergy, and eco‐exergy equations. The optimization is carried out using the TOPSIS multi‐objective method. Exergy efficiency, net output work, and cost are identified as the optimization objectives. The optimization process focused on fine‐tuning variables including the vapor generator pinch point temperature, ORC turbine inlet pressure, ORC condenser pressure, and ORC condenser pinch point temperature, with optimal values gauged at 19.31°C, 29.59 bar, 1.413 bar, and 14.52°C, respectively. The preheater had the largest exergy destruction share, followed by the heat exchanger unit. The analysis showed that the ORC condenser pressure and temperature difference between two working fluids in the heat exchanger were the most critical parameters in the proposed cycle, significantly affecting the system performance. Accordingly, the exergy efficiency, net output work, and cost values in the optimal state were equal to 15.2%, 6416 kW, and 0.7457 $/s, respectively. The advantages of the proposed system include efficient heat recovery through the coupling of the multiple cycles and enhanced energy conversion pertinent to a wider range of temperatures, maximizing the overall energy extraction from the waste heat.

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“…Recognized as a sustainable energy source, ammonia serves as an effective carrier of hydrogen [3]. Ammonia can be derived from various sources [4], including fossil fuels; biomass; and renewable alternatives, like wind and solar power. Ammonia offers the advantage of being storable through chemical energy storage techniques, facilitating the conversion of excess electrical energy into a carbon-neutral fuel [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative Risk Analysis during Truck-to-Ship Ammonia Bunkering

Duong,

Kim,

Ryu

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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A primary objective for the sustainable development of the maritime sector is to transition toward carbon-neutral fuels, with the aim to reduce emissions from maritime transportation. Ammonia emerges as a promising contender for hydrogen storage, offering the potential for CO2-free energy systems in the future. Notably, ammonia presents advantageous attributes for hydrogen storage, such as its high volumetric hydrogen density, low storage pressure requirements, and long-term stability. However, it is important to acknowledge that ammonia also poses challenges due to its toxicity, flammability, and corrosive nature, presenting more serious safety concerns that need to be addressed compared with other alternative fuels. This study sought to explore the dispersion characteristics of leaked gas during truck-to-ship ammonia bunkering, providing insights into the establishment of appropriate safety zones to minimize the potential hazards associated with this process. The research encompassed parametric studies conducted under various operational and environmental conditions, including different bunkering conditions, gas leak rates, wind speeds, and ammonia toxic doses. EFFECTS, which is commercial software for consequence analysis, was utilized to analyze specific scenarios. The focus was on a hypothetical ammonia bunkering truck of 37,000 L refueling an 8973 deadweight tonnage (DWT) service vessel with a tank capacity of 7500 m3 in the area of Mokpo Port, South Korea. The study’s findings underscore that the ammonia leak rate, ambient temperature, and wind characteristics significantly impacted the determination of safety zones. Additionally, the bunkering conditions, leak hole size, and surrounding traffic also played influential roles. This study revealed that bunkering in winter resulted in a larger safety zone compared with bunkering in summer. The lethality dose of ammonia was affected by the leak hole size, time for dispersion, and the amount of ammonia released. These observed variations imply that ammonia truck-to-ship bunkering should be undertaken with carefully chosen suitable safety criteria, thereby significantly altering the scope of safety zones. Consequently, the risk assessment method outlined in this paper is expected to assist in determining the appropriate extent of safety zones and provide practical insights for port authorities and flag states contributing to the future sustainable development of the maritime industry.

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Thermal Evaluation of a Novel Integrated System Based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Combined Heat and Power Production Using Ammonia as Fuel

Cited by 21 publications

References 44 publications

A Novel Designation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Integrated System Using LPG as Fuel for Marine Vessels

A Novel Designation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Integrated System Using LPG as Fuel for Marine Vessels

A 3E analysis of a multi‐power generation system employing CO₂, LNG, and Organic Rankine cycles

A Quantitative Risk Analysis during Truck-to-Ship Ammonia Bunkering

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Thermal Evaluation of a Novel Integrated System Based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Combined Heat and Power Production Using Ammonia as Fuel

Cited by 21 publications

References 44 publications

A Novel Designation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Integrated System Using LPG as Fuel for Marine Vessels

A Novel Designation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Integrated System Using LPG as Fuel for Marine Vessels

A 3E analysis of a multi‐power generation system employing CO2, LNG, and Organic Rankine cycles

A Quantitative Risk Analysis during Truck-to-Ship Ammonia Bunkering

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A 3E analysis of a multi‐power generation system employing CO₂, LNG, and Organic Rankine cycles