The effect of Tb 3+-doping content (in the range 0-20 mol.%) and autogeneous/selfgenerated pressure (in the range 2.3-3.40.1 bar) on the crystallographic/morphological features and thermal stability of single-crystal nanorods of LaPO4•nH2O obtained by a simple and fast microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis was investigated. It is shown that highquality (that is, well-shaped and linear/planar defect free) rhabdophane-type single-crystal La1-xTbxPO4•nH2O (x=0-0.20) nanorods, with a high morphological uniformity, are obtained in all cases. In addition, it is shown that the Tb 3+ solutes are incorporated into the LaPO4•nH2O host, forming substitutional solid solutions (i.e., partial substitution of La 3+ by Tb 3+) with progressively smaller unit-cell volume but with identical thermal stability. Morphologically Tb 3+ doping however results in the formation of nanorods with lower aspect ratio, and in particular in nanorods that are much shorter but essentially equally thick. With respect to the self-generated pressure during the microwave synthesis, it is shown that its increase does not affect to crystallographic aspects, but however results again in nanorods with lower aspect ratio. It is also demonstrated that monazite-type single-crystal La1-xTbxPO4 nanorods can be obtained by calcining their rhabdophane-type La1-xTbxPO4•nH2O counterparts at ~700 ºC in air, with a higher Tb 3+-doping content and self-generated pressure leading as well to lower aspect-ratio calcined nanorods. Consequently, in the present study important guidelines have been identified for the controlled synthesis of functional La1-xTbxPO4•nH2O nanorods with tailored morphology.