Thermal Expansion Design

Bai, Qiang; Bai, Yong

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386888-6.00009-2

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…2a; Video S1). We utilised both the von Mises failure criterion for ductile material and the Max Stress criterion for brittle material (Bai & Bai, 2014) to estimate rupture pressure as the highest pressure that a specimen could withstand (Figs 2b, S4). The criteria state that failure occurs when stress exceeds the uniaxial test stress at yielding.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The von Mises criterion states that breakage occurs when the von Mises stress

{normalσ}_{normalτ}

, calculated as:

{normalσ}_{normalτ} = \sqrt{\frac{{({normalσ}_{1} - {normalσ}_{2})}^{2} + {({normalσ}_{2} - {normalσ}_{3})}^{2} + {({normalσ}_{1} - {normalσ}_{3})}^{2}}{2}}

exceeds the stress at yielding of a uniaxial test. Here

{normalσ}_{1}

{normalσ}_{2}

and

{normalσ}_{3}

are the principal stress components (Bai & Bai, 2014; Burns, 2015). The Max Stress criterion states that breakage occurs when the highest of the principal stress components exceeds the same threshold.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hidden functional complexity in the flora of an early land ecosystem

D'Ario,

Lane,

Fioratti Junod

et al. 2023

New Phytologist

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Summary The first land ecosystems were composed of organisms considered simple in nature, yet the morphological diversity of their flora was extraordinary. The biological significance of this diversity remains a mystery largely due to the absence of feasible study approaches. To study the functional biology of Early Devonian flora, we have reconstructed extinct plants from fossilised remains in silico. We explored the morphological diversity of sporangia in relation to their mechanical properties using finite element method. Our approach highlights the impact of sporangia morphology on spore dispersal and adaptation. We discovered previously unidentified innovations among early land plants, discussing how different species might have opted for different spore dispersal strategies. We present examples of convergent evolution for turgor pressure resistance, achieved by homogenisation of stress in spherical sporangia and by torquing force in Tortilicaulis‐like specimens. In addition, we show a potential mechanism for stress‐assisted sporangium rupture. Our study reveals the deceptive complexity of this seemingly simple group of organisms. We leveraged the quantitative nature of our approach and constructed a fitness landscape to understand the different ecological niches present in the Early Devonian Welsh Borderland flora. By connecting morphology to functional biology, these findings facilitate a deeper understanding of the diversity of early land plants and their place within their ecosystem.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The von Mises criterion states that breakage occurs when the von Mises stress

{normalσ}_{normalτ}

, calculated as:

{normalσ}_{normalτ} = \sqrt{\frac{{({normalσ}_{1} - {normalσ}_{2})}^{2} + {({normalσ}_{2} - {normalσ}_{3})}^{2} + {({normalσ}_{1} - {normalσ}_{3})}^{2}}{2}}

exceeds the stress at yielding of a uniaxial test. Here

{normalσ}_{1}

{normalσ}_{2}

and

{normalσ}_{3}

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden functional complexity in the flora of an early land ecosystem

D'Ario,

Lane,

Fioratti Junod

et al. 2023

New Phytologist

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“…In flow assurance heat management systems, flowline burial is considered one of the best cost-effective heat management techniques for onshore, shallow and deep water [50,51,87]. Flowline burial is particularly selected for a project and is dependent on soil properties, geological hazards, Pressure Volume and Temperature (PVT) characteristics, and basic structures [49,94,95]. Even if subsea soil provides good insulation, the porous materials like grits, seabed materials, and rocks only give little or no insulation due to water ingress into the spaces thereby allowing heat transfer by convection to the surroundings [51].…”

Section: Flowline Burialmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Flow Assurance Heat Management Systems in Subsea Flowlines

et al. 2021

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The enormous cost of handling the challenges of flow assurance in subsea wells, flowlines, and risers, especially in deepwater applications, has necessitated a proactive approach to prevent their risk of occurrence. To ensure that transportation of the hydrocarbon is economical and efficient from the subsea wellhead to the processing units, a flow assurance heat management system is relevant in the design and planning of a fluid transport system. Consequently, the advancement of new technologies to serve the increasing need by exploring the technologically challenging and hostile subsea fields is of great importance. A comparative study on heat management systems in flowlines was conducted from the top five publishers (Elsevier, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Wiley, and Sage) based on the number of publications to determine the level of work done by researchers in the last decade, the figures from the study showed the need for scientific research in the field of active heating. Additionally, a review was implemented to ascertain the likely advantages and drawbacks of each technique, its limitations concerning field applications and then recommend suitable cost-effective technique(s). The active heating system gives the most cost-effective solution for subsea deepwater fields.

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“…In the simulation, the working condition blade is modeled by L-1 working conditions as 0.0539 MPa of the pressure load, 101.30 o C of the thermal, and 3000 rpm. In this analysis, it used the stress of Von Mises criteria, which is combining the three principal stresses into equivalent stress [13]. calculate fracture parameters accurately.…”

Section: Stress Analysis For a Long Of Blade Spanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure Investigation and Crack Propagation Analysis of LP Blade Steam Turbine 220 MW

Damanik¹,

Dahlan

2021

KEM

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The cracked blade in L-0, L-1 governor side, and L-1 generator side were found when A 220 MW low-pressure steam turbine was checked in the serious inspection. However, the crack population more dominant at L-1 Gen compared to L-0 Gov and L-1 Gov. Most of the cracks were located on 300-400 mm from the root of the blade span, and it did not associate with the pitting defect. In this study, the root cause of L-1 blade failure was investigated. There is three-stage of analyzing process, firstly capturing the airfoil and dimension of L-1—secondly, the material properties analysis, and finally stress analysis of L-1 by the finite element analysis software. L-1 is the blade with the chord length on the tip L-1 blade longer than root as 2.1% and the angle of an airfoil from root to tip twisted as 24 degrees. The type of material did not look precisely similar to AISI 422 because its hardness-strength is lower than AISI 422 as 5.1%. The finite element analysis shows that there was a symptom of the imprecise shroud gap that promoted maximum stress at 300-400 mm from the root area of the L-1 blade span. Moreover, a lack of hardness-strength material cannot accommodate the excessive movement of the blade and promoted the initial crack of L-1. A crack length blade as 16 mm shows a lower number of cyclic (Nf) to failure tremendously compared to standard blades such as 32,367 of the number cyclic for regular blade and 42.6 for the crack blade. Increasing 2 mm of initial crack will decrease significantly the number of cyclic Nf of the blade. It was tearing mode crack propagation of L-1 results a significant stress intensity factor compared to other modes, especially at 16 mm length of the crack.

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Thermal Expansion Design

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Hidden functional complexity in the flora of an early land ecosystem

Hidden functional complexity in the flora of an early land ecosystem

An Overview of Flow Assurance Heat Management Systems in Subsea Flowlines

Failure Investigation and Crack Propagation Analysis of LP Blade Steam Turbine 220 MW

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