Thermal Expansion of Laminated Fiber Composites in the Thickness Direction

Fahmy, A. A.; Ragai-Ellozy, A.N.

doi:10.1177/002199837400800109

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…*The shear modulus reported in [1] seems very high for graphite/epoxy, however, this property does not have a strong influence on the results studied here.…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Equation (1) of that work should take the form in the notation of [1]. In particular, vl 2 is major Poisson's ratio.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By integrating (1) through the thickness, in conjunction with expressions for the membrane coefficients of expansion [2] and the aforementioned strain transformation equations, we can develop the expression for a3C of an angle-ply (± 0) composite in terms of layer unidirectional properties and 0 as (Il cos228 +IZSin22B) (a3e -aT) -I3 sin22fl Based upon the experimental data* reported in [1] , the results from (5), along with those from ( 1 ] are shown in Figure. 1.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Thickness Expansion Coefficients of Composite Laminates

Pagano

1974

Journal of Composite Materials

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Fahmy and Ragai-Ellozy [11 have recently treated the problem of the thermal expansion coefficient in the thickness direction of a symmetric composite laminate. Unfortunately, however, an error has been made in their analysis. Specifically, Equation (1) of that work should take the form in the notation of [1]. In particular, vl 2 is major Poisson's ratio.The above equation is derived by considering the response of any layer of the laminate subjected to a constant unit temperature rise. The thickness strain is thus given by But, the membrane stresses are where a¡ = aL, a2 = aT, and Substitution of (3) and (4) into (2) leads to the expression (1). It should be noted that the laminate coefficients of expansion, ai ~ and a2 ~ , represent the respective strain components in the planes of elastic symmetry of any given layer, and therefore vary from layer to layer in arbitrary laminates according to the transformation of strain equations.

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“…*The shear modulus reported in [1] seems very high for graphite/epoxy, however, this property does not have a strong influence on the results studied here.…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Equation (1) of that work should take the form in the notation of [1]. In particular, vl 2 is major Poisson's ratio.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thickness Expansion Coefficients of Composite Laminates

Pagano

1974

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…Further development is needed to address these issues, in particular, expanding the analysis to include three-dimensional matrix shrinkage and induced strain from neighbouring cells. However, 7 TexGen input file for 12 000, 262 twill weave fabric 8 Tow shapes produced using equation (11) a simulated powered elliptical envelope using appropriate tow dimensions (Table 3) and 0?35 shape parameter; b experimental fabric 9 Twill weave unit cell (12 000, 262) a simulated matrix; b experimental laminate 10 Unit cell of 12 000, 262 twill weave fabric 11 TexGen grid function used to output two-dimensional slice through domain: insert picture represents matrix and reinforcement at particular cross-section of domain 12 Surface profile created from equation (14), which accounts for thermal and polymerisation shrinkage of matrix (S3) this first stage development of the model has clearly demonstrated the potential for such a design tool, predicting surface quality typically to within 6%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface quality prediction of thermoset composite structures using geometric simulation tools

Schubel¹,

Warrior²,

Rudd³

2007

Plastics, Rubber and Composites

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The surface quality of polymer composite laminates was examined via geometric modelling techniques and compared to experimental data. TexGen software provided the platform for the development of a surface roughness simulation tool which accounted for textile architecture and specific cure kinetics of the matrix. The study focused on the influence of thermal and chemical shrinkage during cure and the change in localised volume fraction across the surface of a unit cell. A one-dimensional analysis was used to determine proportional dimensional changes to the matrix region, with the results stitched together to form a three-dimensional topological plot. Three demonstrator geometric models were developed to represent a carbon 262 twill weave fabric with 3000, 6000 or 12 000 tows. These models were analysed with low and high shrink resin properties. Optical microscopy was used to determine accurate tow forms for compacted tows which aided the development of the geometric model. Simulated profiles, topography and surface roughness measures were compared to experimental data which demonstrated the significance of matrix contraction and fabric architecture on the final surface quality. The simulations were shown to represent experimental data typically within 6%.

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“…For small values of (TI-T2)/T1. Equation 89 can be written in the form 17 FA a d~ ~ 2.0x 10 --=TtATergsec -1 dt C~ (90) so that the boundary resistance is inversely proportional to T a. At low temperatures the effects of this boundary resistance can become very pronounced.…”

Section: Heat Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

The physical properties of composite materials

Hale

1976

J Mater Sci

301

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In this review, the physical properties of composite materials are discussed; however, discussion of the mechanical properties has been excluded except when necessary for the consideration of properties such as thermal expansion or swelling and shrinkage. One of the main aims in the review has been to show how the theoretical and experimental information that is already available may be used (a) to design and construct composite materials with predetermined physical properties and (b) to ensure that the physical properties of composite materials are properly measured and properly defined.

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Thermal Expansion of Laminated Fiber Composites in the Thickness Direction

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Thickness Expansion Coefficients of Composite Laminates

Thickness Expansion Coefficients of Composite Laminates

Surface quality prediction of thermoset composite structures using geometric simulation tools

The physical properties of composite materials

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